GOODWIN GOOSEBERRY. 



497 



once in the year. The approach of this season is 

 known, as with other fish, by their following each 

 other with very quickened motion, so much so, 

 that they will sometimes jump out of the water, 

 or thrust themselves into weeds so near the bank 

 as to allow themselves to be taken by the hand. 

 The milters, or male fish, are not distinguishable 

 from the spawners, or females, by any difference of 

 colour, as many have supposed, but are known by 

 the dorsal fin, which in the male fish is short, and 

 ends abruptly ; but in the female it is long, extend- 

 ing almost to the tail, and is of a fan-like shape. 

 The actual time of spawning may be perceived by 

 an unusual stillness in the fish, and by their keep- 

 ing in deep water, even in the hottest weather, 

 contrary to their usual practice, which is, to re- 

 main basking in the sun at the very surface, and 

 with their backs frequently out of the water. The 

 increase of these fish, when first put into a pond, 

 will be very considerable, but after a time, unless 

 the young fry are removed, there is little or no in- 

 crease ; this arises, no doubt, from their eating the 

 spawn before it has life. In the Chinese rivers the 

 spawn is carefully collected, and exposed for sale, 

 and a great number of barks may be seen on the 

 great river Yangtse-kiang, which go thither to pur- 

 chase it. When the spawn becomes alive, the fish 

 are of a very dark colour, many of them nearly 

 black, and others of a dark slate colour. The 

 former of these produce the red or gold-fish, and 

 the latter the white or silver fish. The time at 

 which this change takes place is very various. In 

 some it happens at the end of the first year, but in 

 others not till the second or third year, or even 

 perhaps later. Our observations do not enable us 

 to give any general rule on this subject. Although 

 these fish are extremely tender, yet they are sel- 

 dom affected by our coldest winters, and seem in 

 the spring to have been not at all altered by the 

 winter months. The heat, however, of the hand, 

 is sufficient to deprive them of life, and is probably 

 one reason why they seldom live long when con- 

 fined in glasses. Persons who are desirous of keep- 

 ing them should change the water very frequently, 

 and remove the fish by a small landing-net. It is 

 also of advantage to keep them during the night 

 in a pail or tub of water, and remove them into 

 the more confined place in the morning. The best 

 time of the year to take them from the pond is 

 during the month of April, or before they become 

 heavy with spawn; for in a state of confinement 

 they seldom or never survive the spawning season. 

 They never spawn in a transparent vessel. The 

 colours also of these elegant and beautiful fish vary 

 considerably at different seasons; but we have al- 

 ways noticed that the colours are the most brilliant 

 about the time of spawn. When kept in ponds 

 they may be made very familiar. By occasionally 

 feeding them with bread they become tame, and 

 will generally begin to congregate on hearing the 

 sound of the human voice. It is not at all unusual 

 tor them to be brought together at the sound of a 

 whistle, or other shrill noise. But if any attempt is 

 made to catch them, either by hook or net, they 

 become extremely shy, and it is not until after 

 a considerable time that they again become fami- 

 liar. 



GOODWIN, FRANCIS, an English architect of 

 some eminence, who died in London, Aug. 30,1835. 

 The public works of this gentleman were new 

 churches at Hulme, by Manchester; Ashton under 

 Lyne: Portsea, Hants; Derby; Kidderminster; 



Oldham; Bordesley, by Birmingham; West Brom- 

 wich ; Bilston ; Walsall ; and Burton upon Trent. 

 He rebuilt churches at Bilston and Walsall; St 

 Michael's, Southampton ; the tower of St Peter's, 

 Manchester ; and the tower and spire of St Paul's, 

 Birmingham. He also erected town halls at Man- 

 chester and Macclesfield, markets at Leeds and 

 Salford, an exchange at Bradford, and a county 

 prison at Derby. A description of the Manches- 

 ter town haU, which may be termed his chef-d'- 

 oeuvre, is given in the Introduction to his second 

 volume of " Rural Architecture," with an interior 

 view and plan. His principal private work was 

 Lissadell, the mansion of Sir R. G. Booth, bart., 

 in Co., Sligo, an interior of the gallery in which 

 forms the frontispiece to his first volume of " Rural 

 Architecture." He was also employed by lord 

 Hatherton, in Staffordshire ; by E. J. Cooper, Esq. 

 M. P. at Markree, Co., Sligo, &c. When public 

 buildings were offered to competition, Mr Good- 

 win frequently furnished plans, and in several in- 

 stances he obtained premiums. This was the case 

 with regard to the new grammar school of Bir- 

 mingham, his design for which was exhibited in 

 1834 at Somerset house. A few years ago he 

 brought before the public a scheme for an exten- 

 sive cemetry in the vicinity of the metropolis, the 

 drawings of which were exhibited at an office taken 

 expressly for the purpose in Parliament Street. 

 The grounds were to have been ornamented with 

 a variety of edifices, copied from the principal 

 buildings at Athens, of some of which there would 

 have been duplicates in the corresponding parts of 

 the inclosure. This project excited some atten- 

 tion at first, but soon died away ; and, in fact, it 

 was upon such a scale that it could hardly have 

 been realised. During a great part of 1834, Mi- 

 Goodwin was in Ireland, preparing designs for ex- 

 tensive additions to the college at Belfast, includ- 

 ing a magnificent building for a museum, the plan 

 of which was ingenious and novel ; and he was also 

 engaged in planning some baths at Dublin ; but 

 both these undertakings seem to have been aban- 

 doned. The proposals put forth for designs for the 

 new houses of parliament engrossed his attention 

 more deeply than any previous object, as he felt 

 anxious to avail himself of the advantage which 

 his previous attention to the same subject, two 

 years before, had already afforded him. At the 

 inquest which was held on his death, Dr Copeland 

 said that the deceased had for some months past 

 been engaged in forming plans for the erection of 

 the houses of parliament ; and so intense had been 

 his studies upon the occasion, that he declared to 

 him (the doctor) that he was unable to obtain any 

 rest at nights, so completely engrossed were his 

 thoughts upon the plans he was engaged in draw- 

 ing out. In answer to a question from the coro- 

 ner, the doctor said that such intense study was 

 likely to produce a determination of blood to the 

 brain, and occasion an attack of apoplexy. The 

 jury returned a verdict of " died by the visitation 

 of God, in a fit of apoplexy." Mr Goodwin was 

 the author of a work entitled " Rural Architec- 

 ture ; a series of Designs fo^ Rustic, Peasants', and 

 Ornamental Cottages, Lodges, and Villas, in various 

 styles," in two volumes, quarto, each of which has 

 a supplement, entitled " Cottage Architecture." 

 He also published, in 1833, his "Plans of a new 

 House of Commons." 



GOOSEBERRY, (a.) The gooseberry is only 

 to be found in temperate climates, being unknown 

 2 i 



