HANOVER HARROW-ON-THfc HILL. 



ing Tuscan archways, supported by a rustic base, 

 rising from the bed of the river ; thus leaving three 

 water-ways, two of 144, and the centre one of 400 

 feet. There are eight main-chains, arranged in 

 four lines of twos, in each of which the chains are 

 over one another, and not side by side. The two 

 outer lines of chains consist of links eight feet ten 

 inches long, made of three oars, each five inches 

 broad and one thick : the two inner lines of chains 

 have each six such bars, or are twice the width of 

 the others. There are, therefore, altogether, 

 thirty-six lines of bars, presenting a sectional sur- 

 face of 180 square inches : the links are put to- 

 gether with coupling plates, fifteen inches long, 

 eight broad, and one thick, in a similar manner to 

 those of the Menai. The chains pass over friction 

 rollers on the tops of the piers, as usual, but the 

 rollers are supported in frames, so as to form two 

 concentric arcs, one for each set of chains; the 

 curves of the chains are tangents to these arcs, and 

 the links that rest on the rollers are forged curved, 

 to fit the arc formed by the set of rollers they rest 

 on. By this construction there is no unequal 

 strain on any part of the chains, and their pressure 

 is made to act perpendicularly on the piers ; the 

 back-stays descending towards the abutments at an 

 angle equal to that at which the chains between 

 the piers descend from the rollers. The platform 

 is divided by the suspension-rods into a central 

 carriage-way, twenty feet wide, and a five feet foot- 

 path on each side. The transverse beams sup- 

 ported by the vertical rods, are in pairs, resting on 

 a square plate attached to the end of each rod : 

 besides longitudinal beams bolted down to these, 

 and all the other usual precautions for durability, 

 strength, and stiffness, the longitudinal beams, on 

 each side the carriage-way, carry a set of trusses, 

 like those of the roof of a house, which contribute 

 materially to this object. The consequence of 

 this admirable construction is, that the degree of 

 curvature in which the road-way was originally 

 laid, has not diminished at all, showing that no 

 part of the abutments, piers, chains, suspension- 

 rods, or framing, has given way ; and yet the mo- 

 tion caused by a single carriage passing is percep- 

 tible to a foot-passenger, and the longer suspen- 

 sion-rods vibrate sensibly to the eye, proving that 

 the strength and firmness is obtained by scientific 

 skill in design and execution, not by a lavish ex- 

 penditure of material. The back-stays intersect 

 the road-way between the abutments and piers, at 

 about one-fourth the distance from the former to 

 the latter ; for this fourth, consequently, the plat- 

 form is above the chains, the transverse beams 

 being supported by iron plates, resting on the 

 coupling links of the lowermost line of chains be- 

 neath. 



HANOVER, (.) Since the accession of the 

 house of Brunswick to the British crown, Hanover 

 has been under the government of the kings of 

 Great Britain; George I. was the second elector of 

 Hanover when he succeeded to the throne of 

 Britain in 1714. In 1814, Hanover was erected 

 into a kingdom, and the king of Great Britain also 

 became king of Hanover. But it is now sepa- 

 rated from the British crown, inasmuch as the salic 

 law, which excludes females from the throne, is in 

 force in Hanover; and on the death of William IV., 

 the crown of Hanover passed to his eldest brother, 

 Ernest Augustus, formerly duke of Cumberland, 

 who was born in 1771, and by his marriage in 1815 

 to the princess dowager of Solms, sister of the 



duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, has issue one son, 

 George Frederick, born on the 27th May, 1819. On 

 the 12th July, 1837, king Ernest issued a proclam- 

 ation in which he expressed his dissatisfaction with 

 the new constitution of Hanover, which had been 

 acted upon by George IV. and William IV. declar- 

 ing that he regarded it, " neither in form nor sub- 

 stance binding upon him." On the 1st Nov. same 

 year, an ordinance was promulgated by king Er- 

 nest, suppressing the fundamental law of the state 

 established by William IV. on the 26th Sept. 1833. 

 This caused much dissatisfaction in Hanover, and 

 a strong sensation throughout Germany. The 

 election of a deputy from the city of Hanover to 

 the Assembly took place in Feb." 1838, when the 

 popular, in opposition to the government candi- 

 date, was elected. This election, however, was 

 declared void by the king, because it was made 

 with a reservation of the rights acquired by the 

 city of Hanover by the constitution of 1833. In 

 a long proclamation, dated Feb. 15, 1839, the king 

 declared, that the legal representative constitution 

 of the kingdom was settled by the royal letters 

 patent of 7th Dec. 1819, and confirmed by the 

 congress of Vienna in 1820, and that the change 

 made in Sept. 1833 was destitute of constitutional 

 form. A message to the assembly of the same 

 date declares, that the constitution of 1819 alone 

 is to be considered in force. The magistracy peti- 

 tioned the Germanic diet to protect their laws and 

 liberties, and to restore the constitution of 1833. 

 To their petition the signature of M. Rumann, 

 chief of the magistracy, was appended ; and the 

 king immediately suspended him from his office, 

 and ordered him to be tried for his offence by the 

 Hanoverian privy council. But the citizens, on 

 the 17th July, proceeded in a body to the palace, 

 and petitioned that Rumann should be tried by a 

 municipal corporation. Serious riots occurred on 

 the 19th July, which were not suppressed without 

 bloodshed. 



HARROW-ON-THE HILL, (a.) The free 

 school of Harrow was established in 1571. The 

 person to whose benevolence and care, England is in- 

 debted for one of her best public schools, was John 

 Lyon, a wealthy yeoman, who had previously spent 

 a considerable sum in teaching poor children. In 

 the year 1590, two years before his death, he drew 

 up a set of statutes for the school, with full in. 

 structions for the disposal of the estates, which he 

 intended to appropriate to various charitable uses, 

 at the same time appointing six trustees of his pro- 

 perty ; the election of successors to be made by 

 themselves as a body. The revenues of Mr Lyon's 

 estates are now considerable. But it has happen- 

 ed, unfortunately for the interests of the founda- 

 tion, that those portions of his property which 

 have, from their situation, acquired the greatest in- 

 crease of value, such as certain lands near London, 

 at Kilburn, and in the parish of St Mary-le-bone, 

 were appropriated by him to other charitable pur- 

 poses, especially the repairing of roads, in the 

 neighbourhood of his own home. The late Richard 

 Gregory, Esq. of county Galway, Ireland, by a 

 codicil to his will, dated Oct. 22, 1838, bequeathed 

 to Harrow School 140 volumes of Roman classics, 

 an annual gold medal, value ten guineas, and a 

 hundred pounds a year for ever, to found an exhibi- 

 tion for boys educated at Harrow going to the Ox- 

 ford or Cambridge university. Several scholar- 

 ships have also been founded by Joseph Neeld, 

 Esq., one of the governors of the school. 



