HOP HOPE. 



523 



The stakes are pulled up with the plants still 

 clinging to them, and are laid across a rough kind 

 of crib or bin made of boards, and having four han- 

 dles by which it may be carried. Boys and girls 

 carefully pick off the heads of the flowers, and 

 drop them into the crib, which is removed when it 

 is full. The flowers are dried in a kiln as malt is, 

 and are afterwards closely packed for preservation, 

 in large sacks, called bags and pockets. 



The produce of the hop is usually calculated by 

 the amount of duty it affords to the revenue, which 

 is charged at 18s. 8d. for every cwt. or 2d. per lb.; 

 and each season realizes more or less than the pre- 

 ceding, according as the weather has been conge- 

 nial, and the depredations of the Hop-fly* have 

 been extensive. Most of the hops are consumed 

 in our own country, the quantity exported being 

 comparatively trifling: taking the produce of the 

 year 1833, which amounted to 32,747.301 Ibs. we 

 can convey some notion of its extent by showing that 

 the quantity exported in the same year amounted 

 only to 1,662,003 Ibs. 



The entire land in England and Wales applied to 

 the cultivation of hops, in the year 1833, we learn 

 from parliamentary documents, amounted to 

 49,187^ acres, which is the sum of the following 

 amounts in each excise district: 

 Acres. 



District. 

 Barnstaple (Devon) 

 Bedford . 

 Bristol . 

 Cambridge 

 Canterbury (Kent) 

 Chester 



Cornwall . 



Derby . 



Dorset . . 

 Essex . . . 

 Exeter (Devon) 

 Gloucester . 

 Granthain (Lincoln) 

 Hants 

 Hereford 

 Isle of Wight . 

 Lincoln . 

 Northampton 



4 



4 

 8,641| 



4 



139 

 19 



. 378J 

 19 

 7i 

 29 



1,386.1 

 12,071 

 1 



552J 

 If 



District. 

 Oxford 



Plymouth (Devon) 

 Reading (Berks) 

 Rochester (Kent) . 

 Sarum( Wilts) . 

 Salop , . . 

 Stafford 



Stainbridge . . 

 Suffolk 

 Surrey . 

 Sussex 



Uxbridge (Middlesex) 

 Wales (East) 



(Middle) 



v\ est) 



Acres. 

 10 

 4 



12,566| 



l,018i 



3 



702i 



148| 



. 13f 



9,179i 



Wellington (Shropshire) 16 

 Worcester . . 2,087f 



Total Acres. . . 49.187J 

 The largest quantities of hops exported in 1833, 

 were to Hamburgh, 875,193 Ibs.; Havre, 126,360 

 Ibs. ; Calais, 122,752 Ibs.; New South Wales and 

 Van Dieman's Land, 93,82 libs.; Elsinore, 58,559 

 Ibs.; Rotterdam, 58,109 Ibs.; Trieste, 56,824 

 Ibs.; Ostend, 43,882 Ibs. 



* This devouring insect makes its first appearance in the 

 hop-garden in the spring, between the 10th and 30th day of 

 May, usually about the 12th : and what is more remarkable, it 

 generally appears on the same day in every hop district, how- 

 ever distant they may be from one another. At first it is in a 

 winged state, a solitary fly settling here and there on the under 

 side of the young leaves. When the weather is warm, with mild 

 rains during the last twenty days of May, these flies produce 

 young ones, which are very small, and are called deposit or 

 knits: with astonishing rapidity these knits become in a few 

 days green lice a larger form merely of the same animal. 

 However, when the weather in May has been dry, cold, and 

 windy, the Hop-fly has been frequently known to leaveahe 

 plant and entirely disappear, even after remaining several 

 days : while tarrying, it showed very evident signs of being 

 uneasy, continually crawling about on the upper as well as the 

 underside of tho leaves, an Jon its departure leaving no deposit 

 whatever. As soon as the little creatures are born they plunge 

 their tube-like mouths into the leaf of the hop, and begin with 

 voracious eagerness to suck away the sap. In this position 

 they remain quite stationary, but gradually increasing in size 

 for about ten days ; when each individual begins bringing forth 

 younsr ones, which it continues to do at the rate of from eigh- 

 teen to twenty-five per day all the remainder of its life. 



The Hop-fly is characterized by a soft oval body, a small 

 head, semi-circular eyes, antennae of s*Ven joints, longer than 

 the body, and a beak which arises from the under part of the 

 head, between the fore-legs, and descends almost perpendicu- 

 larly. The wings, when developed, are four in number, and 

 tin- legs are very long and slender, compelling them, in conse- 

 quence, to walk awkwardly. After their torpid existence in 

 the shape of cocoons, or, as some erroneously call them, 

 ees, during the winter, tin- return of genial weather in the 

 iipnng brings them into active liie. 



The hop possesses many medical qualities, and 

 is balsamic, aperient, and diuretic. In the spring 

 time, while the bud is tender, the tops of the plant, 

 cut off and boiled, are as good as asparagus, and 

 are considered very beneficial ; at that season the 

 heads and tendrils are good to purify the blood in 

 the scurvy, and most cutaneous diseases ; decoc- 

 tions of the flowers and syrups are of use against 

 pestilential fever, and it is useful in hypochondria. 

 A pillow stuffed with hops, and laid under the head, 

 is said to promote sleep in fevers and delirium. It is 

 also used by the dyer to die wool yellow, and from 

 its stalks a strong cloth may be made. But the 

 principal use of hops is in the preservation of malt 

 liquor, which, by the addition of its strobile or 

 bitter quality, is less apt to turn sour, more deter- 

 gent, and more healthy. It is said to promote the 

 vinous fermentation by its odoriferous principle, 

 and, when infused or boiled with the wort, to in 

 crease its spirituous quality. 



The counties which are most congenial to the 

 growth of this plant are, Kent, Sussex, Surrey, 

 Worcester, Hants, and Hereford, in which they 

 flourish most abundantly. To the rural scenery of 

 Kent, truly called the " Garden of England," the 

 hopculture greatly contributes. 



HOPE, THOMAS, (a.) the author of " Anas- 

 tasius," was a descendant from the Hopes (baro- 

 nets) of Craig Hall, in the county of Fife. Early 

 in life, possessing an ample fortune, he travelled 

 over various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa ; 

 and having with a refined taste, acquired a facility 

 of drawing, he brought home a large collection of 

 sketches, principally of architecture and sculpture. 

 Soon after his return and settlement in London, he 

 published " A Letter, addressed to F. Annesley, 

 Esq., on a series of Designs for Downing college, 

 Cambridge;" in which, founding his judgment on 

 what he had seen and examined in the course of 

 his travels, he criticised, with considerable severity, 

 the series of plans, elevations, &c. which had been 

 produced by Mr Wyatt. In consequence, as it has 

 been said, of these criticisms, Mr Wyatt's designs 

 were rejected ; and Mr Wilkins was afterwards 

 employed to commence the college. Having pur- 

 chased a large house in Duchess street, Mr Hope 

 devoted much time and study in finishing and fitting 

 up the interior from his own drawings, and partly 

 in imitation of the best specimens, both ancient 

 and modern, in Italy. A description of this house 

 will be found in the first volume of " The Public 

 Buildings of London," by Britton and Pugin, ac- 

 companied by two plates representing the Flemish 

 picture gallery, which was an addition made in 

 1820. A view of the old picture gallery, together 

 with a catalogue of the pictures, was published in 

 Westmacott's "Account of the British Galleries 

 of Painting and Sculpture." His country mansion 

 was at Deepdene, near Dorking ; and thither he 

 had removed a large number of his pictures, sculp- 

 ture, and books, having built for their reception a 

 new library, a gallery, and an amphitheatre to ar- 

 range and display antiques. 



In 1805, Mr Hope published the drawings which 

 he had made for his furniture, &c. in a folio volume, 

 entitled " Household Furniture and Decorations." 

 Notwithstanding the ridicule attempted to be cast 

 on this work in the Edinburgh Review, it led the 

 way to a complete revolution in the upholstery and 

 interior decoration of houses. " To Mr Hope,'' 

 says Mr Britton, in his volume entitled " The 

 Union of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture," 



