NEWTON NEW YORK. 



699 



The principal of these rocks is 663 feet in height, 

 and 1220 feet in diameter at its base. A chain 

 of hills of salt traverses the whole valley. The 

 mountain of red salt is so called, because that 

 colour predominates, but the colours vary with the 

 altitude of the sun and the moisture of the air. 

 A little stream runs through the valley. All 

 these mountains contain crevices, and chasms hav- 

 ing spacious grottoes, where various shaped stal- 

 actites of salt hang from the roofs. Nothing can 

 compare with the magnificence of the spectacle 

 which the mountain of Cordova exhibits at sun- 

 rise. Besides the beautiful forms which it pre- 

 sents, it appears to rise above the river like a 

 mountain of precious gems, displaying the various 

 colours produced by the refraction of the solar 

 rays through a prism. The salt mines of Wie- 

 liczka, near Cracovia, in Poland, are the most ex- 

 tensive and most celebrated in Europe. They are 

 worked at the depth of 750 feet. The mine ex- 

 tends under ground for upwards of a league. It 

 has numerous galleries, and a whole village, con- 

 taining many workmen, with their families, horses, 

 waggons, &c. It is remarkable that in these 

 mines of rock salt, there are springs of fresh as 

 well as salt water. In the new red sandstone of 

 Massachusetts, North America, numerous impres- 

 sions of the foot marks of several species of birds 

 have been lately discovered by professor Hitch- 

 cock. This sandstone covers a large extent of 

 country, and in its present position lies inclined, 

 at an angle of thirty to forty degrees; but when 

 impressed by the feet of those birds, it must have 

 been horizontal, and have formed the soft and yield- 

 ing sands of some bay or estuary. These impressions 

 have been called Ornithichnites, or stony bird 

 tracts. (See a full description of them, under 

 the head, Ornithychnology, in the present Sup- 

 plement.) Impressions of the footmarks of ani- 

 mals have also been discovered in Scotland, in 

 some quarries in Dumfriesshire, also of the new 

 red sandstone. These impressions show distinctly 

 the flat foot of an animal with claws, and they 

 have been conjectured to be of the class Reptilia, 

 most probably tortoises or lizards, or perhaps 

 both. From the regular succession of hind foot- 

 marks coining almost close upon the fore feet, 

 there can be no doubt but that the animal was a 

 quadruped. On some of the slabs, the appear- 

 ance of scratching, or slipping, is evident in the 

 impressions, as if the animal had been scrambling 

 up an inclined plane. 



NEWTON, GILBERT STUART, R.A. ; an emi- 

 nent painter, was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, on 

 the 20th of September, 1794, and was the twelfth 

 and youngest son of the hon. Henry Newton, col- 

 lector of his Majesty's customs in that province. 

 On his first arrival in Europe, he visited Italy, and 

 on his removal to this country entered himself a 

 student of the Royal Academy. The first works 

 by which he became extensively known, were his 

 "Forsaken" and. his "Lovers' Quarrel," engraved 

 in the " Literary Souvenir" of 1826; his " Prince 

 of Spain's Visit to Catalina," engraved for the 

 same work in 1831, and painted for the duke of 

 Bedford ; and a scene from the " Vicar of Wake- 

 field." Though Newton acquired skill both in 

 drawing and in colour, and became acquainted 

 with the fine proportions and harmonious unities 

 of the antique, he was more remarkable for delin- 

 eations in which beau-ideal drawing had little to 

 do, but expression every thing. He had less in- 



clination for the stern and the severe, than for the 

 soft, the gentle, and the affecting. His favourite 

 model for imitation was Watteau. He contented 

 himself with painting small pictures ; and the sub- 

 jects which he embodied were either drawn from 

 nature around him, or found in the pages of our 

 novelists and poets. To enumerate all his pic- 

 tures would be difficult, but the names of a few 

 of them will be sufficient to awaken pleasing re- 

 collections: 1. "Portia and Bassanio," from the 

 Merchant of Venice ; 2. " Lear attended by 

 Cordelia and the Physician;" 3. "Lady Mary- 

 Fox;" 4. " Abelard ;" 5. "Jessica and Shylock;' 

 6. " The Vicar of Wakefield restoring his Daugh- 

 ter to her Mother;" 7. " Sir Walter Scott." His 

 happiest works are of a domestic and poetic kind ; 

 he loved to seek expression in a living face, and, 

 moulding it to his will, unite it to a fancy all his 

 own : some of his single figures, particularly fe- 

 males, are equal in sentiment and colour to any- 

 thing in modern art. They are stamped with 

 innocence as well as beauty. He was a slow 

 workman, and accomplished all by long study 

 arid repeated touches. He sometimes received 

 high prices for his works. The duke of Bedford 

 gave him 500 guineas for the "Prince of Spain's 

 Visit to Catalina," and lord Lansdowne paid him 

 500 guineas for his " Macheath." 



About 1832, he visited America, where he mar- 

 ried a young lady of considerable personal attrac- 

 tions. He was elected a royal academician in 

 1834. Shortly after his return to England he ex- 

 hibited unequivocal signs of insanity, which in- 

 creased until it became necessary to send him from 

 home. Four days before his decease he recovered 

 the exercise of his reason, spoke of his approaching 

 end with calmness and resignation, and exhausted 

 nature finally sunk into the sleep of death without 

 a struggle or sigh. He died at Chelsea, on the 5th 

 Aug. 1835, aged forty. His remains were interred 

 in Wimbledon churchyard on the 13th of August. 

 Mr Newton was tall and well proportioned, and 

 somewhat affected in his manner; but a perfect 

 gentleman, and a very respectable scholar. 



NEW YORK, (.) By the census of 1835 the 

 population of New York was 270,089. In 1825 it 

 was 166,086, and in 1830, 202,589; the increase 

 in these intervals of five years being respectively 

 at the rate of 22 and 33 per cent. At the mean 

 rate of increase the population at present (1840) 

 must amount to above 350,000, thus doubling 

 within the term of fourteen years. 



The following table shows various particulars of 

 the population, and the number of marriages and 

 births in the year preceding the census. 



Population of the City of New York, 1835. 



Per Cent. 



Males 131, 024.... 48-73 



Females 138,465.... 51'27 



270,089 

 Males subject to military duty 



entitled to Vote . . 



All 

 Femali 



Per Cent. 



Whites 254,892 . . 94-4 



People of Colour, 15,197.. 56 



270,089 100- 



S3.G58 or 1 in 11-4 of population. 

 43,091 or 1 in 6-2 



27.6B9 or 1 in 10- 



:male, Married, under 45 . 3 ',915 or 2S-S>7per cent. ") 



Unmarried beivi-on 16 & 45, 3.1,697 or 25-78 I Of Total 



under 16 . 46,5(3 or 33-58 >No. of 



~ * i U" Uiml> :" icdl } 16,290 or. 1-77 - ) F " ni " C8 - 



Persons of Colour not taxed 



taxed . 



entitled to Vote 

 Paupers . . 



Deaf and Dumb 

 Blind 



. BS 



1,7'J9 or 1 iu 150 of population. 



175 or 1 in 1,543 



105 or I in 2,572 



32 or 1 in 8,440 



. 32 or 1 in 8,440 



* Female aliens were omitted in the census of 1835, hut are 

 estimated at about 27,000, which would make the total num< 

 ber of aliens one-fifth of the population. 



