722 



ORNITHYCHNOLOGYOTTLEY. 



Under this are ranked several varieties from 

 want of sufficient distinctive characters ; but all 

 differing widely in point of size, and in the length 

 of step. The following two are considered as 

 varieties only, but sufficiently distinct in form. 



4. O. Clarus. Foot, exclusive of the 

 hairy appendage, from four to six inches 

 in length ; toes approximate, and acu- 

 minate; inner toe shorter than the 

 outer one; hairy appendage very distinct, 

 from two to three inches long; probably 

 with a knobbed heel ; step from eighteen 



to twenty-five inches. Found on the south-west 

 part of Montagu ; also at Horse Race, and pro- 

 bably also at Northampton, and at South Hadley 

 Canal. Impressed on a red micaceous sandstone. 



5. O. Plalydactylus. Middle toe from 

 two to three inches long, very gibbous to- 

 wards the extremity; hairy appendage 

 very large and distinct ; length of step 

 from six to eight inches. It differs from 

 O. Clarus, chiefly in the swelling of the 

 middle toe, and in its diminutive size. 



6. O. Tetradactylus. Length of the 

 foot, exclusive of the hind toe, from 

 two and a half, to three and a half 

 inches; toes divaiicate, more slender 

 than in O. diversus ; the hind one, or 

 hallux turned inward, so as to be 

 nearly in the line of the outer toe, pro- 

 longed backward ; a space remains 



between the heel and the hind toe, indicating that 

 its insertion is higher on the tarsus than the 

 other toes, and its direction obliquely downwards. 

 Length of step from ten to twelve inches. Des- 

 titute of a hairy appendage. Found at Horse 

 Race. 



7. O. Palmatus. With four toes, all 

 directed forward ; the fourth toe very 

 short, proceeding from the inner part of 

 the foot; heel broad; the toes proceeding 

 from it somewhat in pairs ; that is, the f< ; 

 two inner ones and the two outer ones 

 are closer together, and are less divergent 

 than the two middle ones; toes very 

 slender ; foot from two and a half, to three inches 

 long. Length of step eight inches. This re- 

 markable specimen was discovered at Horse Race. 



8. O. Minimus. Three toed ; destitute of a 

 hairy appendage at the heel ; foot from half an 

 inch, to an inch and a half in length ; toes spread- 

 ing widely ; nearly of equal length ; step three to 

 five inches. Found very plentifully at Horse 

 Race. Generally the foot is rather more than an 

 inch long. 



The discovery of the gigantic foot-prints of the 

 O. Giganteus, is a further proof, that there were 

 animals inhabiting the former world of much 

 larger dimensions than any existing races : the 

 Mammoth may be mentioned as the largest of 

 quadrupeds, and this the largest of birds. In pro- 

 fessor Hitchcock's " Report on the Geology of 

 Massachusetts," he shows that the other organic 

 beings, that must have been contemporaries with 

 these immense birds, were their compeers in size ; 

 for we find that a Sea-Fan (Gorgonia Jacksoni,) 

 found in the new red sandstone of West Spring- 

 field, that has been uncovered without reaching its 

 limits, measures eighteen feet in length, and four 

 feet in width 1 Indeed, the colossal bulk of these 

 birds is in strict accordance with the early history 

 of organic life in every part of our globe. The 



much higher temperature tluit then prevailed 

 seems to have been favourable to a gigantic devel. 

 opment of every form of life. See New Red 

 Sandstone in the present Supplement. 



OTTLEY, WILLIAM YOUNU, an amateur artist 

 and patron of the arts, was born August 6, 1771, 

 and was the eldest son of Richard Ottley, Esq. of 

 Dunston Park, near Thatcham, a man of consider- 

 able fortune. He was duly sent to school, first, at 

 Richmond in Yorkshire and subsequently at Win- 

 chester; but he appears to have been emancipated 

 altogether from school at a very early period ; for 

 by 1787, we find him to have avowedly adopted 

 the arts as the subject of his studies and the busi- 

 ness of his life. 



In 1791, with the view of studying in the best 

 field of the arts, he proceeded to Italy, where, 

 practising his own pencil, and the pencil of others 

 whom he employed in taking copies of all that 

 struck his fancy, he became almost domesticated 

 for about ten years. During this time, his propen- 

 sities as a collector had every opportunity of de- 

 veloping themselves; and amongst a variety of 

 other works of art, which he there became pos- 

 sessed of, is a very interesting series on wood, by 

 the very earliest masters of Italy, of religious sub- 

 jects, which were removed from the walls of 

 churches at the time the French were in Italy, and 

 thus timely rescued from destruction, by the hand 

 of one who could appreciate their merit and their 

 value to the brotherhood of art. Another exten- 

 sive collection, which he formed at this period, was 

 that of the original drawings of the best masters 

 of Italy, from the earliest dawning of art down to 

 the splendid days of Raffaele and Correggio, the 

 Caraccis, and Salvator Rosa. Unwilling to retain 

 to himself the sole enjoyment of surveying these 

 valuable tracings of genius, he soon after his re- 

 turn to England, undertook the arduous task of 

 putting forth a series of fac-similes of these draw- 

 ings in large folio, under the title of the " Italian 

 School of Design," upon which the first engravers 

 and draughtsmen of the day were employed by him. 

 Of this magnificent work, the first part appeared 

 in 1808, and the second about four years after- 

 wards; the third part, which concluded the work 

 rather within the limits originally intended, did not 

 appear till 1823. As it stands, the volume con- 

 tains eighty-four plates, about one half of which 

 are from the best drawings of Michael Angelo and 

 Raffaelle. This collection of drawings Mr Ottley 

 subsequently parted with to his friend Sir Thomas 

 Lawrence for 8000. His collection of engrav- 

 ings, which he continued to enrich with fresh ac- 

 quisitions up to within a very few years of his 

 death, is supposed to have been one of the most 

 complete and best selected in Europe. Mr Ottley 's 

 other principal works are, the companion-work of 

 the " Florentine School" (1826) ; the " Origin 

 and Early History of Engraving," (2 vols. 1826), a 

 work well known to all contemporary bibliogra- 

 phers; "the Stafford Gallery; " the Critical Cata- 

 logue of the National Gallery ;" and the first part 

 of an elaborate "Dictionary of Engravers," (8vo. 

 1831), for which he had for thirty years been col- 

 lecting materials, but from the labours of compil- 

 ing which he was obliged to desist when undertaken 

 at a later period of life ; besides various contribu- 

 tions to Rees' Cyclopaedia, the Archaeologia, and 

 other miscellaneous productions. The last work 

 in which he was engaged, and which, within tbe 

 last few sheets, he lived to see through the press, 





