792 



SANDHURST SAXONY. 



which he wrote for this Encyclopedia, and which 

 lias been pronounced hy professor Wilson of Edin- 

 burgh, and other competent critics, to be alike ad- 

 mirable for the learning, judgment, and eloquence 

 which it displays, and, as a summary of the subject, 

 to be unsurpassed by any thing of the kind in the 

 English language. 



SANDHURST, a parish in Berkshire, England, 

 in which is situated the royal military college, for 

 the instruction of cadets intended for the army, 

 and officers possessing military commissions. The 

 two branches of this institution were first placed 

 at High Wycombe in 1799, and removed to Great 

 Marlow in 1802, by their founder the late duke of 

 York. The establishment was removed hither in 

 1812, and since 1820 both branches have been 

 united. The senior department is a school for the 

 staff, where officers are admitted to study ; and 

 the junior department, for the professional educa- 

 tion of young gentlemen intended for the army. 

 Since its foundation more than 3500 individuals 

 have been rendered competent to serve in the army. 

 The institution is governed by a general and a 

 colonel as lieutenant-governor, with other officers 

 acting under the board of commissioners. The 

 building, which is a plain neat edifice, with a doric 

 portico of eight columns, is calculated to receive 

 400 cadets and thirty students of the senior de- 

 partment. The houses of the governors and offi- 

 cers form a square at the rear of the college. 

 There are also an observatory, a room for examin- 

 ations, a chapel, and a spacious riding-house. The 

 whole stand in the midst of finely laid out grounds 

 and plantations; and in the front of which is a 

 spacious sheet of water. Population of parish in 

 1841, 563. 



SAXONY, (a.) Statistics The total popula- 

 tion of Saxony 



In 1832 was 1,558,153 

 1834 i 1,595,668 

 1837 1,652,114 



Number of each Religiottt Denomination. 



Christians. Evangelical Lutherans . 1,620,393 



Calvinistic Reformists . . 1,803 



Catholics .... 28,998 



Greek Church ... 72 



Jews . ... 848 



From a comparison of the amount of the popu- 

 lation, as found by the census of December 1837, 

 with that of the preceding census of December 

 1834, it appears that, in the intermediate period 

 of three years, an increase arose of 56,446 individ 

 uals, or 3-537 per cent 3-709 per cent, of males, 

 and 3-375 per cent of females ; which is for each 

 year an increase of 18,815: that is 1-1 14 per cent, 

 by additional births, and 0-065 by assumed immi- 

 gration. This is the average rate of the "move- 

 ment" of populations in central Europe. A recent 

 statistical work, in two vols. 4to., on the Prussian 

 district of Dusseldorf, shows that population, 

 which in 1816 was 577,000, and in 1835, 720,760, 

 to have steadily increased somewhat above 1 per 

 cent, per annum by the excess of births over the 

 deaths, throughout the intermediate period of 

 twenty years. However, the disturbing effect of 

 contingent circumstances causes the excess of births 

 to range generally between and 3 per cent. By 

 an excess of per cent, per annum, a population is 

 doubled in 13~9 years ; by 1 per cent, in 70 years ; 

 by 1 per cent, in 46J years ; by 2 per cent, in 35 

 years ; by 2 per cent, in 28 years ; and by 3 per 

 cent, in 23 years. 



The wBole area of the kingdom of Saxony con- 



tains 271-676 geographical square miles, and the 

 total number of the population in 1837 was 

 1,652,114. There is therefore, on average, 6,081 

 persons to each geographical square mile, for 1837; 

 and for 1834, 5,873. Excluding the military, it is 

 for 1837, only 6,023 ; and for 1834, 5,817. In 

 three years there appears then to have been an in- 

 crease of 208 to the square mile ; and, excluding 

 the military, an increase of 206*. The relative 

 amount of the town and country inhabitants was, 

 in 1837, as 1,000 of the former to 2,068 of the lat- 

 ter ; and in 1834, as 1,000 to 2,108. 



The proportion of males to females, in the whole 

 population of 1837, including the military, was as 

 1,000 to 1,055; and, excluding the military, as 

 1,000 to 1,070. The proportion of males capable 

 of bearing arms constitutes generally one-fifth part 

 of the population. 



With regard to the relative numbers of the dif- 

 ferent religious denominations, it appears that, on 

 an average of the whole population, there are in 

 100,000 inhabitants- 

 Lutherans .... 98,081 

 Calvinistic Reformists ... 109 

 Catholics .... 1,755 



Greek Church .... 4 



Jews . . . . 51 



Which compared with the numbers in 1834, shows 

 the increase of 



Lutherans to be 35 in 1,000 



Reformists 113 



Catholics 28 



Greek Church 200 



Jews 2 



Including the number of married persons living 

 separate, and the military, there is something more 

 than ^j of the whole population married, or 

 342,565 in a million ; that is, one marriage to 5-67 

 inhabitants.! 



The number of children under the age of four- 

 teen years, in 1837, amounts to somewhat more than 

 (in 1834 almost exactly ^) of the whole popula- 

 tion. So that, excluding the military, and the 

 married persons living apart, there are, on an aver- 

 age, very nearly two children under fourteen to 

 each married couple; or to every 100 couples, 187 

 children under the age of fourteen. 



With respect to the proportion of each sex 

 among widowed persons living, it appears that, on 

 an average in 100 of this class, there were, in 

 1837, thirty widowers, and seventy widows; and 

 in 1834, twenty-nine widowers, and seventy-one 

 widows. 



The number of persons deaf and dumb is to the 

 whole population as 1 to 1,401. (For 1834 as 1 

 to 1,579, and for 1832 as 1 to 1,334.) And the num- 

 ber born blind is as 1 to 3,878. For 1834 as 1 to 

 4,924, and for 1832 as 1 to 3,675). 



The Saxon statistical society publishes annually 

 a very elaborate tabulated abstract of the local 

 registries of births, deaths, marriages, and num- 

 ber of religious communicants, throughout the 

 kingdom. 



The following is the annual average number of 

 births during the six years from 1832 to 1837: 



* For the sake of comparison, it may here be stated that the 

 whole area of the kingdom of Prussia contains 5,077-41 geo- 

 graphical square miles, and in 1837 the total population was 

 14.098,125; which is. on an average, 2,776 persons to each geo- 

 graphical square mile. In France, according to the last census 

 of 1836, the number to each square mile ( English) was, with 

 the exclusion of Corsica, 166. In England, by the last census 

 of 1831, there were 259 persons to the square mile; in Wales 

 108; in Ireland 243; and in Scotland 84. 



t In Prussia the proportion of the number married, in 1837, 

 was something more than one tliird of the whole population, 

 or 335,144 in a million. 



