WEAVING. 



so that the board J can go up without lifting 

 them ; but as lifting this bonnl also removes the 

 revolving bar n which kept them back, those cords 

 cun again fall into the slits when above the knots; 

 therefore, to prevent the knots catching on the 

 under-side of the slits while the board descends, 

 the round hole is elongated or sloped on the under- 

 side as far as the slit, as shown at o in the section 

 fig. 7, by which all catching is prevented, and the 

 board passes the knot freely. Figs. 6 and 7 also 

 show the conical recesses or chamfers over the 

 slit in which the knots that are to be raised al- 

 w.iys fall, and are retained from any possibility of 

 slipping out or off. Figs. 4 and 5 show the metal 

 corners pp of the lifting-board d; the recesses in 

 the four posts of the frame a a a a in which they 

 slide are also faced with metal. This board, when 

 down, rests on the two cross bars q q of the frame ; 

 they are faced with leather, and the under part of 

 the two ends of the board d are also faced with 

 leather at r r to soften the drop, s s two links 

 by which the board d is lifted ; t t the forked lever 

 which lifts it ; u u the bolt or fulcrum on which 

 the lever turns ; and on the other end of the frame 

 is a hole u, through which the bolt may be put to 

 remove the lever t to that end, if its situation so 

 requires : v v the bolt which connects the links to 

 the lifting board and carries the roller w, which, 

 as it ascends and descends in the bent iron strap 

 x, alternately pushes out and brings in close the 

 frame y y, which carries the revolving bar n n. 

 z z the screw centres on which the frame y hangs; 

 by these the revolving bar n is adjusted longitu- 

 dinally, to coincide with the ends of the sliding wires 

 ff. At the bottom of the frame y y are two 

 screws by which the height of the bar is accurately 

 adjusted. Fig. 8 is an inside view, showing the 

 adjusting piece which receives one of the pivots of 

 the bar n. 1, 2, 3, 4, the corner pins by which 

 the bar is caused to revolve as usual ; 5, 6, the 

 hook which always retains the outer pin while the 

 bar goes out, and causes a quarter turn each time : 

 this brings the next card in succession to meet the 

 sliding wires. 7 a bottom hook tied to the upper 

 one, so that, when the hook 5 is raised by pulling 

 the string attached to its tail 6, it raises the hook 

 7 into contact with the pins : by this action the 

 bar may be made to revolve back again the other 

 way, if such a return is wanted. 8 8 two slides 

 shaped like an inverted j, ; these are urged down 

 by the springs 9 9 on the revolving bar n, and 

 firmly retain it so as to present the face accurately 

 to the wires. 



Fig. 3 shows part of the longitudinal wires 10 

 10, on and between which the wires/slide; 11 11 

 1 1 vertical wires which pass through the loops, 

 and limit the motion of the wires f f. Fig. 9 

 shows two of the sliding wires ff supported by 

 the wire 10 10. 



Thus, the action of one treadle connected with 

 the lever t, both lifts the cords b, pushes out the 

 bar ;i, and gives it a quarter turn, which presents 

 the next face with the next card on it to be 

 pressed against the ends of the wires, the blanks 

 pushing in the wires opposed to them, which pre- 

 vent those cords from being lifted, the weaver 

 having nothing more to do with that operation than 

 merely to move the treadle and throw the shuttle. 



But perhaps the greatest improvement upon the 

 Jacquard* loom has been made by Mr Morrison of 

 Paisley, in his adaptation of the machine to the 

 harness work of that town. 



Tweeled patterns, in the India imitation shawls, 

 give the fabric a finer a, iTa:;inr and texture, and 

 bring out the colours more In illicitly than without 

 the twtel, but the harness to effect that pu 

 must be made upon a most extensive scale, and is 

 of course very expensive. Mr Morrison saves 

 much of this expense by means of a very simple 

 but ingenious piece of mechanism, which tweels 

 with the greatest ease, and is only one half the 

 size of the original Jacquard machine. 



Mr Morrison has also introduced another im 

 provement of very great importance, to understand 

 which it is necessary to mention that in a great 

 proportion of the shawls manufactured in Paisley, 

 the lashes are almost always twice drawn. Thus, 

 a pattern of six covers, if the lashes are twice 

 drawn, require twelve cards, that is to say, the 

 second six cards, would be cut exactly the same 

 as the first six. By this improvement only one 

 set of cards is required, the machine causing a re- 

 turn of the same cards, to be wrought over again, 

 as readily as a draw boy could repeat, by again 

 raising the same lashes. 



To accomplish this, a fast and loose pulley is 

 placed on one end of the revolving barrel or roller, 

 a sufficient portion of which is turned down to re- 

 ceive the pulley and allow it a small lateral motion. ' 

 On one side of the pulley, is a projecting stud or 

 catch which may be pushed into holes in the end 

 of the square part of the barrel, by means of a 

 lever and guide: and to the groove of the pulley is 

 attached a cord having a piece of lead at its end, 

 of sufficient weight to cause the barrel to revolve 

 if permitted. Thus, when the catch on the pulley 

 is pushed into one of the holes in the barrel, the 

 pulley will revolve along with it by the process of 

 weaving, and wind up the weight, and if the re- 

 taining hooks and hammer be now withdrawn, the 

 weight will unwind the cord from the pulley and 

 cause the return of the barrel in the opposite di- 

 rection, and consequently bring the cards along 

 with it into their original position. By disengag- 

 ing the pulley from the barrel it remains at rest, 

 until another repetition is necessary. Suppose it 

 were required to repeat six cards; the weaver 

 would first engage the pulley to the barrel, and 

 after having wrought the six cards, he would by 

 withdrawing the hooks and hammer from the bar- 

 rel allow the leaden weight to act and cause the 

 barrel to revolve backward until the cord was un- 

 wound from the pulley, and the cards thereby 

 brought back to their original position ready to be 

 wrought over again. He would then disengage 

 the pulley from the barrel and proceed with the 

 work until another repetition was required, when 

 the same process would be repeated, and the cards 

 returned with the precision of clock work. This 

 improvement is well suited for various kinds of 

 work, particularly for damask sprigs, the plain 

 between which, frequently requiring as many as 

 five hundred cards, whilst by this method eight 

 only would be needed. 



By these improvements it will be perceived, 

 that Mr Morrison has doubled the power of the 

 Jacquard machine in two different departments, 

 and may be said to have perfected it for the fancy 

 weaving of Paisley. His machine is patented. 



The card punching machine is provided with the 

 same number of horizontal needles as the Jacquard 

 machine, and to each needle is attached a small 

 cord, on pulling which the needles protrude through 

 perforations exactly corresponding to those in the 



