THE 



POPULAE ENCYCLOPEDIA; 



OR, 



" CONVERSATIONS LEXICON:" 



BEING A GENERAL DICTIONARY OF 



ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE, BIOGRAPHY, HISTORY, 

 ETHICS, AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. 



WITH DISSERTATIONS 



ON THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF LITERATURE, 



BY SIR D. K. SANDFORD, A.M., OXON., D.C.L. 



ON THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE, 



BY THOMAS THOMSON, M.D., F.R.S.L. & E., &c., &c. 



Aim 



ON THE PROGRESS OF THE FINE ARTS, 



BY ALLAN CUNNINGHAM, ESQ. 



VOLUME IV. 



BLACKIE & SON, QUEEN STREET, GLASGOW; 



SOUTH COLLEGE STREET, EDINBURGH; 

 AND WARWICK SQUARE, LONDON. 



MDCCCXLVI. 



