CONCLUSIONS. 27 



and wood alcohol can be greatly augmented and the injury to forests 

 by fire and insects materially reduced by the utilization of this wood. 

 It is believed that the results presented here will hold, approximately, 

 for good average lightwood, except as to refined wood turpentine, 

 which should run higher than here found. Especially is this true of 

 the long-leaf lightwood of North Carolina, which, experience has 

 shown, yields more wood turpentine than does the lightwood of 

 Florida. This fact is possibly due in part to climate conditions, the 

 longer and hotter summer of the South volatilizing more of the 

 light oils. 



The approximate yield for 4,000 pounds of cord air-dry wood 

 (3,200 pounds moisture-free wood) of the valuable products and the 

 value of each, together with the total value produced from a cord, 

 is shown in the following table. The values are approximate whole- 

 sale values at the plant: 



Refined wood turpentine, 6 gallons, at $0.40 $2. 40 



Pine oils, 7 gallons, at $0.35 2. 45 



Rosin spirits, 11 gallons, at $0.20 2. 20 



Rosin oils, 40 gallons, at $0.35 14. 00 



Phenoloids, 12 gallons, at $0.06 72 



Crude methyl alcohol, 3.5 gallons, at $0.35 1. 20 



Unbleached pulp, 1,440 pounds, at $0.0175 25. 20 



Total 48.17 



Thus products worth $48.17 are made from wood which costs from 

 $2 to $4 delivered at the works. 



All these products are of good quality. The wood turpentine, 

 pine oils, and rosin spirits are suitable paint and varnish thinners, 

 especially for outdoor work; the rosin oils are suitable for making 

 greases ; the phenoloids are used for shingle strains and preservatives ; 

 and the pulp for making a good strong brown wrapping paper, quite 

 similar to that now selling from 3 to 4 cents per pound. 



As has been previously stated, there are works which are being 

 profitably operated, making wood turpentine and pine oils alone from 

 this wood. There are works profitably manufacturing rosin oils 

 and rosin spirits from rosin made from the living trees, and others 

 profitably making paper alone from wood. The combination of the 

 three units into one industrial development appears, therefore, to be 

 well worth the careful consideration of paper makers, lumbermen, 

 investors and especially of those interested in the conservation of 

 material resources through the utilization of waste. It is believed 

 that such a combination offers the most profitable use of refuse wood 

 and stumps on the cut-over pine lands of the South and West. 



NOTE. The bureau can not undertake to furnish details of equipment, nor esti- 

 mates of cost of erecting and equipping mills for making paper and by-products from 

 wood. The cost of erection varies greatly with local conditions, and those interested 



