6 RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION. 



When conceding the right to make any railway, Parliament 

 grants with it the power to purchase lands or property com- 

 pulsorily, or by agreement, to change and divert roads and 

 streams in the manner shown on the deposited plans, and to 

 construct all necessary bridges and works in accordance with 

 the standing orders, or such modifications of them as may be 

 approved by the Board of Trade. 



The standing orders, or Government regulations, are very 

 comprehensive, and include much detailed information on all 

 questions likely to arise. The following brief summary of some 

 of the principal orders relating to deposited plans, and works of 

 construction, will be found useful for reference. 



Extract from Government Standing Orders and Begulations. 

 All plans and sections relative to proposed new railways must 

 be lodged with the constituted Government Authorities on or 

 before November 30. 



Every deposited plan must be drawn to a scale of not less 

 than four inches to a mile, and must describe the centre line, or 

 situation of the work (no alternative line being allowed), and 

 must show all lands, gardens, or buildings within the limits of 

 deviation, each one being numbered with a reference number, 

 and where powers to make lateral deviations are applied for, the 

 limits of such deviation must be marked on the plan. 



Unless the whole of such plan be drawn to a scale of not 

 less than 400 feet to an inch, an enlarged plan must be drawn 

 to that scale of every building and garden within the limits of 

 deviation. 



The Railway Clauses Act limits the extent of deviation to 

 100 yards on each side of the centre line in the country, and 

 10 yards on each side of the centre line in towns or villages. 



The distances must be marked on the plan in miles and 

 furlongs from one of the termini. 



The radius of every curve not exceeding one mile must be 

 marked on the plan in furlongs and chains. 



In tunnels the centre line must be dotted, but no work must 

 be shown as tunnelling, in the making of which it is necessary 

 to cut through, or remove the surface soil If it is intended to 

 divert or alter any public road, navigable river, canal, or railway, 

 the course and extent of such diversion, etc., shall be marked on 

 the plan. 



When a railway is to form a junction with an existing 



