io RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION. 



to an inch, and a vertical scale of not less than 40 feet to an inch 

 must be added, which must show the present surface of such 

 road, canal, etc., and the intended surface thereof when altered, 

 and the greatest of the present and intended rates of inclination 

 marked in figures, such cross-sections to extend 200 yards on 

 each side of the centre line of railway. 



Wherever the height of any embankment, or depth of any 

 cutting, shall exceed 5 feet, the extreme height over or depth 

 beneath the surface of the ground must be marked in figures 

 upon the section. 



All tunnels and viaducts must be shown on the section. 



At a junction with an existing railway, the gradient of such 

 existing railway must be shown on the section on the same scale 

 as the general section for a distance of 800 yards on each side of 

 the point of junction. 



Where the level of any turnpike or public road has to be 

 altered in making any railway, the gradient of any altered road 

 need not be better than the mean inclination of the existing road 

 within a distance of 250 yards of the point of crossing the 

 railway ; but where the existing roads have easy gradients, then 

 the gradients of the altered roads, whether carried over, or under, 

 or on the level with the railway, must not be steeper than 1 in 

 30 for a turnpike road, 1 in 20 for a public carriage road, 1 in 16 

 for a private or occupation road. 



A good and sufficient fence, 4 feet high at least, shall be 

 made on each side of every bridge, and fences 3 feet high on 

 the approaches. 



The application to cross any public road on the level must be 

 reported upon by one of the officers of the Board of Trade, and 

 special permission for the work must be embodied in the Act. 



Not more than 20 houses of the labouring classes may be 

 purchased in any city or parish in England, Scotland, and Wales, 

 or more than 10 such houses in Ireland, until approval has been 

 obtained to a scheme for building such houses in lieu thereof as 

 the authorities may deem necessary. 



Every bridge (unless specially authorized to be otherwise) 

 must conform with the following regulations : 



A bridge over a turnpike road must have a clear span of 

 35 feet on the square between the abutments, with a headway, 

 or height, of 16 feet for a width of 12 feet, as shown on Fig. 12. 



A bridge over a public road must have a clear span of 25 feet 



