12 RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION. 



on the square between the abutments, with a headway of 15 feet 

 for a width of 10 feet, as shown on Fig. 13. 



A bridge over a private or occupation road must have a clear 

 span of 12 feet on the square between the abutments, with a 

 headway of 14 feet for a width of 9 feet, as shown on Fig. 14. 



Road bridges over the railway must have the same clear 

 width between the parapets, measured on the square, as the 

 widths prescribed for road bridges under the railway, or 35 feet 

 for a turnpike road, 25 feet for a public road, and 12 feet for 

 private or occupation road. 



It is not compulsory, however, to construct the public road 

 bridges over or under the railway of a greater width than the 

 average available width of the existing roads within 50 yards 

 of the point of crossing the railway, but in no case must a bridge 

 have a less width than 20 feet. Should the narrow roads be 

 widened at any future time, the railway company will be under 

 the obligation to widen the bridges at their own expense to the 

 extent of the statutory widths of 35 feet for a turnpike road, 

 and 25 feet for a public road. 



Suitable accommodation works in the form of bridges, level 

 crossings, gates, or other works, must be provided for the owners, 

 or occupiers of lands, or properties intersected or affected by the 

 construction of the railway ; or payments may be made by agree- 

 ment instead of accommodation works. All questions, or differ- 

 ences between the Railway Company, and the owners or 

 occupiers of property affected, will be decided by the authorities 

 duly appointed by the Government for the purpose. 



In constructing the railway, the Parliamentary plans and 

 sections may be deviated from to the following extent: 



The centre line may be deviated anywhere within the limits 

 of deviation (100 yards on each side of the centre line in 

 country, and 10 yards each side in towns, or villages). 



Curves may be sharpened up to half a mile radius, and 

 further, if authorized by the Board of Trade. 



A tunnel may be made instead of a cutting, and a viaduct 

 instead of an embankment, if authorized by the Board of Trade. 



The levels may be deviated from to the extent of 5 feet in 

 the country, and 2 feet in a town, or village, and various 

 authorities have power to consent to further deviations. 



Gradients may be diminished to any extent, gradients flatter 

 than 1 in 100 may be made steeper to the extent of 10 feet in a 



