18 RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION. 



of deviation or property referenced, and they may also vary the 

 levels of the line to the extent prescribed in the standing orders. 



Figs. 5 and 6 are parts of a Parliamentary plan and section 

 showing alteration of a public road with an overline bridge 

 also a diversion of a small river to avoid two river bridges. 



Figs. 7 and 8 are parts of a Parliamentary plan and section 

 showing a public road diverted and carried under the railway. 



A stipulated time is fixed in the Bill for the purchase of the 

 property and construction of the line, and if this time be 

 exceeded before the completion of the works, it will be necessary 

 to obtain further Parliamentary powers for an extension of time. 



Every new railway, or extension of railway, in the United 

 Kingdom, must be inspected, and certified, by one of the 

 inspecting officers of the Board of Trade, previous to Government 

 sanction being granted for its opening as a passenger line. 



To facilitate these inspections, and as a guide both to their 

 own inspecting officers and the engineers in charge of the 

 construction, the Board of Trade have issued a list of the 

 principal requirements in connection with all new lines. 



The following is a copy of the list so far as relates to works 

 of construction and signals : 



Requirements of the Board of Trade. 1. The requisite apparatus 

 for providing by means of the block telegraph system an adequate 

 interval of space between following trains, and, in the case of 

 junctions, between converging or crossing trains. In the case 

 of single lines worked by one engine under steam (or two or 

 more coupled together) carrying a staff, no such apparatus will 

 be required. 



2. Home-signals and distant-signals for each direction to 

 be fixed at stations and junctions, with extra signals for such 

 dock, or bay lines, as are used either for the arrival, or for the 

 departure of trains, and starting-signals for each direction, at all 

 passenger stations which are also block posts. On passenger 

 lines all cross-over roads and all connections for goods, or mineral 

 lines, and sidings to be protected by home and distant signals, 

 and as a rule at all important running junctions a separate 

 distant-signal to be provided in connection with each home- 

 signal. 



Signals may be dispensed with on single lines under the 

 following conditions : 



(a) At all stations and siding connections upon a line 



