a6 RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION. 



14. Footbridges or subways to be provided for passengers 

 to cross the railway at all exchange and other important stations. 

 Staircases or ramps leading to or from platforms to be at no 

 point narrower than at the top, and the available width to be 

 in no case contracted by any erection or fixed obstruction what- 

 ever below the top. 



At all stations where crowding may be expected, the stair- 

 cases or ramps to be of ample width, and barriers for regulating 

 the entrance of the crowd at the top to be erected. If in such 

 cases there are gates at the bottom, a speaking-tube or other 

 means of communication between the top and bottom to be 

 provided ; and in all cases gates at the bottom of a staircase or 

 ramp to open outwards. For closing the openings at the top, 

 sliding bars or gates are considered best. 



The steps of staircases to be never less than 11 inches in the 

 tread, nor more than 7 inches in the rise, and midway landings 

 to be provided where the height exceeds 10 feet. 



Efficient handrails to be provided on both staircases and 

 ramps, and in subways where ramps are used the inclination not 

 to exceed 1 in 8. 



15. A clock to be provided at every station, in some con- 

 spicuous position visible from the platforms. 



16. No station to be constructed, and no siding to join a 

 passenger line, on a steeper gradient than 1 in 260, except where 

 it is unavoidable. When the line is double, and the gradient at 

 a station or siding-junction is necessarily steeper than 1 in 260, 

 and when danger is to be apprehended from vehicles running 

 back, a catch-siding with points weighted for the siding, or a 

 throw -off switch, to be provided to intercept runaway vehicles at 

 a distance outside the home-signal for the ascending line, greater 

 than the length of the longest train running upon the line. 



Under similar circumstances, when the line is single, pro- 

 vision for averting danger from runaway vehicles to be made 

 (1) At a station in one of the following manners : 



(a) A second line to be laid down, a second platform to be 

 constructed, and a catch-siding or throw-off switch to 

 be provided on the ascending line inside the loop- 

 points. 



(6) A loop-line to be constructed lower down the incline 

 than the station platform with a similarly placed 

 catch-siding or throw-off switch. 



