30 RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION. 



At occupation and field crossings, the gates must be kept 

 hung so as to open outwards from the line. 



30. Sidings connected with the main lines near a public road 

 level crossing to be so placed that shunting may be carried on 

 with as little interference as possible with the level crossing ; 

 and, as a rule, the points of the sidings to be not less than 1 00 

 yards from the crossing. 



31. At public road level crossings in or near populous places, 

 the lower portions of the gates to be either close barred, or 

 covered with wire netting. 



32. Mile posts, half mile, and quarter-mile posts, and 

 gradient-boards to be provided along the line. 



33. Tunnels and long viaducts to be in all cases constructed 

 with refuges for the safety of platelayers. On under-bridges 

 without parapets, handrails to be provided. Viaducts of steel, 

 iron, or timber to be provided with manholes or other facilities 

 for inspection. 



34. Continuous brakes (in accordance with the Regulation of 

 Railways Act of 1889), complying with the following require- 

 ments, to be provided on all trains carrying passengers, viz. 



(1) The brake must be instantaneous in action, and capable 



of being applied by the engine-driver and guards. 



(2) The brake must be self-applying in the event of any 

 failure in the continuity of its action. 



(3) The brake must be capable of being applied to every 



vehicle of the train, whether carrying passengers or 

 not. 



(4) The brake must be in regular use in daily working. 



(5) The materials of the brake must be of a durable 



character, and easily maintained and kept in order. 



35. Any undertaking furnished by a railway company to be 

 under the seal, and signed by the chairman and secretary of the 

 company. 



Recommendations as to the Working of Railways. 1. There 

 should be a brake vehicle, with a guard in it, at or near the 

 tail of every passenger train ; this vehicle should be provided 

 with a raised roof and extended sides, glazed to the front and 

 back, and it should be the duty of the guard to keep a constant 

 look-out from it along his train. 



2. All passenger carriages should be provided with con- 

 tinuous footboards, extending the whole length of each carriage 



