84 RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION. 



Fig. 431 shows a buffer-stop made of double-head or bull- 

 head rails ; and Fig. 432 is a buffer-stop made of heavy timbers. 



Fig. 433 shows a very simple buffer-stop frequently adopted 

 for sidings where there is not much traffic. It is made of good 

 old sleepers bound together with old double-head rails, and the 

 interior filled with earth or clay. 



In addition to the buildings alluded to in the foregoing 

 description, the engineer has to design and construct very many 

 others in connection with railways. These will include large 

 running- sheds for stabling working locomotives; sheds for 

 housing carriages ; workshops for building and repairing engines, 

 carriages, and waggons ; foundries ; large stores for materials ; 

 offices ; dwelling-houses ; mess-rooms, etc. ; many of them in- 

 volving questions of difficult foundations, and nearly all of 

 them requiring special strength and stability to meet the heavy 

 weights and vibrations to which they are subjected. 



