17 



simply have a shore directly under the joint. The 

 shores ordinarily are made of 4x4-in. or two 2x4-in. 

 pieces spiked. They are cut just long enough to leave 

 room for a horizontal cap 4 x 4-in. on top, and wedges 

 underneath them. The 4 x 4-in. cap is long enough to 

 extend a few inches out clear of the girder form to 

 brace to, either above to the girder side or below to 

 the shore. Shore and cap are fastened together by 

 light toe nailing and by two little braces of scrap lum- 

 ber nailed on, one either way. Of course this is all 

 done on the ground in advance of erection. Shores 

 are generally spaced say 4 or 5 ft. on centers. The 

 girder sides are made up in several ways ; 2-in. lumber 

 is more often used than any other, but i l / 2 -\r\., matched 

 or plain, ^-in., and even ^2-in. stuff in short vertical 

 pieces are used. The heavier lumber is more usual. 

 To use any other kind is but to adapt the very same 

 principles. The sides are cut with the grain horizontal, 

 and are made wide enough to extend from the under 

 =ide of the concrete slab usually, to the under side of 

 the girder bottom. The lumber should be ordered 

 carefully in such widths, 8-in., io-in., 12-in., etc., that, 

 if more than one piece is necessary to get the necessary 

 width, there shall be the least possible ripping. When 

 frame into the girder, the girder side mu^t be 

 notched the exact size of the concrete beam. If there 

 is more than one piece in the side, fasten them to- 

 gether with cleats nailed on just strongly enough to 

 make a good job. The girder side is cut to extend to 

 the outside of the column box, or it may be, to a brick 

 wall. 



Now when the girder bottom has been put in po- 

 sition and centered, it rests on the horizontal caps on 

 the shores. Then the girder sides being lowered to 

 place in a vertical position their lower edges being flush 

 with the lower face of the bottom, they too. will bear 

 on the caps. To prevent them from spreading when 

 the concrete is run in, you can do one of two things 



