6a 



during construction arid take care of stresses as noted 

 under Steel Fabrication and Placing. 



Drills for Concrete. For drilling soft concrete any 

 blacksmith can make a pipe drill by cutting notches in 

 the end of a pipe and tempering. Hard concrete re- 

 quires regular stone drills. 



Empty Cement Sacks. Empty cement sacks should 

 be counted at the close of each day's work, and the 

 number entered on the daily report or in the field book 

 as required. On a rainy day have the man in charge' 

 of the cement shed bundle these flat in bundles of 50, 

 and return them in this way. Freight must be prepaid 

 on returned cement sacks. A common way of taking 

 care of these is to bunch 19 sacks into one empty sack 

 and tie the mouth, making 20 sacks in a bundle. 



At any rate, cloth sacks are worth from 7^ to 10 

 cents apiece and should be carefully taken care of. The 

 laborers will want to use them for leggings, tying them 

 around with string; the masons will use them for a 

 tool kit. Cement sacks quickly run into money and 

 should be watched. 



ENGINES. 



Engineer. It is economy to employ an experienced 

 engineer and put him in charge, holding him respon- 

 sible at all times for the condition and efficiency of his 

 plant. In turning over tools to him, furnish a correct 

 list of the outfit. Have this typewritten in the office 

 and pasted on the inside of the tool box cover. 



Blowing Down. Watch your engineer on blowing 

 down boilers, and do not let him fill the boiler again 

 until it is cool. This extreme change of temperature 

 within a short time limit sets up internal strains which 

 shorten the life of a boiler. Watch the quality of the 

 steam. Wet steam usually means overloaded boilers. 

 Instruct your engineer to try the safety valve every 

 day. 



