NURTURE AND NATURE 15 



and to the probable fact that on the whole weaklings are driven into 

 less desirable occupations. A man who is physically unfit has to work 

 for any employer who will take him, and we shall probably frequently 

 find him doing casual labour or working in a factory where little bodily 

 strength is required. Here again we need the average height and 

 weight of the fathers of all these sons to see whether fathers in a trade 

 with a low mortality rate are taller and heavier than fathers in a 

 trade with a high mortality rate. Is the casual labourer with a 

 mortality rate of 18 per thousand lighter and shorter than the carter 

 with a mortality rate of 8 per thousand? the factory hand with a 

 mortality rate of 13 per thousand than the blacksmith with a mortality 

 rate of 7 per thousand? If so, children of the casual labourer or the 

 factory hand will be lighter and shorter than the children of the carter 

 or blacksmith, quite apart from any direct influence of unhealthy 

 employment of the parent. 



In the Appendix to the Report of the Royal Commission on 

 Physical Training a table is given showing the average stature of men 

 at all ages, divided into four classes according to their occupations. 

 These do not correspond exactly with our mortality rates, but they 

 do so roughly and are therefore of interest. 



Class I includes farmers, clergy, lawyers, doctors, teachers, archi- 

 tects, &c. ; all these have a mortality rate of between 3 and 6 per 1000 

 and come in our mortality groups 3, 4, 5 and 6, except doctors, who 

 are in our group 9. 



Class II includes law clerks, shop-keepers, dealers in drugs, books, 

 food, drinks, &c., and the majority come in our mortality groups 7 

 and 8. 



Class III includes gardeners, railway and quarry workers, sailors, 

 miners, &c. ; these also are mostly included in the groups with mortality 

 rates 7 and 8 but they vary more than Class II. The mortality rates 

 of Classes II and III are, however, very similar. 



Class IV includes workers in metal and stone, engravers, printers, 

 &c. who are mostly included in the groups with mortality rates 9 

 and 10. 



The mortality rates then roughly correspond with these classes 

 that is to say 



Class I includes occupations with the lowest mortality rates 3 

 and 6. 



Classes II and III include occupations with higher mortality rates 

 7 and 8. 



