12 '1HI. KKI.V1IYK MKICN'.TH OF 



found in the worst school group we ;ire inclined to think that the 



foe i- the more eon 



n it tli. higher value |>roves to be the true one, -20 is still a low 

 !. it ion, and when we remember that the value for the correlation 

 it-iit of heredity between height of mother and son is -49 vv< 

 that employment of the mother has far less influence than heredity 

 on the physique of the son. 



We now turn to the correlation between the employment of the 

 mother and the height and weight of her daughters. In the Edinburgh 

 schools we see that there is practically no connection between employ- 

 ment of the mother and the physique of her daughters ; the correlation 

 coefficients are -02 and -oo. When we examine the results for Glasgow 

 we see that the effect of the mother's employment on the weight of 

 her daughters is very uniform in the three school Groups B, C, D, 

 namely -n, -n and -09, and is about the same as the effect on the 

 weight of the sons ; it is insignificant in the worst class, Group D, of 

 schools. The height results are again more irregular, varying from -08 

 to --19, but when we take the data for all Glasgow the correlation is 

 insensible; it would seem that the height of girls is less affected by 

 the mother's employment than the height of boys, and the result for 

 all Glasgow agrees with the result found for Edinburgh. 



The results we have reached show on the whole that the employment 

 of the mother has even less influence on the physique of her daughters 

 than on the physique of her sons. 



Employment of the mothers then is associated to a small extent 

 with lighter weight and shorter stature of their sons, but we are not 

 sure that even the small association we find is necessarily a true 

 measure of cause and effect. There are secondary obscuring effects 

 of heredity. The weaker and more delicate mothers may not seek 

 external employment, and naturally they would have weaker children. 

 This lowers the association. Furthermore, inferior physique in the 

 fathers may be a reason for the necessity of the mother's work. This 

 would raise the association. We know from the C.O.S. report that 

 the mother's work is associated with a lower rate of wage of the 

 father the average wage of the husband of an unemployed woman 

 is 265. 2d. and of an employed woman is 22s. nd. It seems reasonable 

 to suppose that a man of inferior physique may have to take a lower 

 wage, and thus it is his wife who will be obliged to work. Now if the 

 husbands of these working women are physically weaker than other 

 husbands we should expect their sons to be shorter and lighter than 



