MAN AND OTHER ANIMALS 



names, dates, etc., were published in the papers 

 at the time, it is immaterial to my case that it 

 should be true and authentic. It merely illus- 

 trates the well-known fact that the minds of mes- 

 merized or hypnotized persons may be uncon- 

 scious of injuries which their bodies suffer, and 

 on the other hand may feel imaginary pains which 

 have not in reality been inflicted. 



Now, I do not say that there is any exact 

 analogy between one of the lower animals and a 

 hypnotized human being, because the latter lives 

 for the time being in unreal circumstances; but 

 such facts as that a woman could talk light-heart- 

 edly about her favorite novels and so on, at the 

 moments when her tortured body was telegraph- 

 ing for aid to her brain and her brain was for- 

 warding the message on to the muscles which 

 moved her hand, shows that, even in human be- 

 ings the feeling of pain and the consciousness of 

 feeling pain can be separated. And if they are 

 not inseparable, we cannot take any actions, 

 which merely show that the bodies of animals feel 

 pain, as proof that they are conscious of feeling 

 it, since as I will show later many other ac- 

 tions and emotions of animals which appear 

 " conscious " to us, must be quite unconscious. 



Further, as we have no right to suppose that 

 one action or emotion of an animal is more con- 



[9] 



