CHAPTER III 

 THE REALM OF UNCONSCIOUSNESS 



The Conception of the " Soul " Unconscious Insects The 

 Growth of Habits" Shame " in a Dog Need of New 

 Words The Sensitive Plant The Sea Anemone The 

 Wasp as a Parent Lord Avebury's Ants " Unnat- 

 ural " Conduct of Birds Cannibal Mothers Con- 

 sciousness and Morality. 



THAT we should have invented such a word as 

 " soul " to describe our conscious personality and 

 that we should feel the need of a religion or at 

 least of a " belief," to account for the existence 

 of the soul, shows that our human view already 

 passes beyond our bodies and when the needs of 

 this world permit fixes itself upon the hereafter. 

 Other animals have no such ideas, for the same 

 reason that they have no sense of happiness and 

 unhappiness. Their conduct is always regulated 

 by their surroundings, in the same way as that of 

 plants, although we, whose instinctive expressions 

 of our emotions resemble those of other animals, 

 find it hard to believe that creatures which seem 

 to share our emotions do not also share our 

 feelings. 



[33] 



