REALM OF UNCONSCIOUSNESS 



He skulks out of sight or, in the open, wears a 

 hangdog air, and so avoids getting into quarrels^^ 

 until he is himself again. It is merely an elabora-^ - ^ 

 tion of the instinct of the weak to keep in the 

 background; and is no more a proof of conscious- 

 ness than is the microscopical elaboration of each 

 of the hairs upon his body. Both are wonderful 

 adaptations in their several ways to the animal's-'*' 

 needs ; but neither is necessarily appreciated at 



f. **** 



its proper value by the animal, which performs 

 its actions, as it grows its fur, by inherited 

 tendency. 



My chief difficulty in making my argument W^, 

 clear as I go along is that the principle which I 

 am trying to explain is so new that no ready-made 

 words exist for its proper expression. Never be- 

 fore has a distinction been drawn in common 

 words between the human and the animal sense of 

 " pain " : because we have not realized that there 

 was any difference. The unhappiness which we 

 suffer on account of pain seems so inseparably 

 connected with the pain itself that it has not oc- 

 curred to us to invent a word to describe the 

 natural bodily protest of a living organism 

 against injury, as something different from the 

 human sense of conscious suffering. And, as all 

 of us unconsciously think in words, it is very 



[37] 



