CHAPTER VI 



THE RISE OF CONSCIOUSNESS 



Why Man Alone Has Knowledge of Pain The Use of 

 Suffering Man Always Finds His Level Summary of 

 the Argument Evidence that Man Alone is Self- 

 Conscious Language Self-Decoration Bowerbirds 

 and Motmots The Religious Sense How Conscious- 

 ness Began Concerted Action Bees Wolves Rooks' 

 " Sentinels "The Human Foot and its Story Rising 

 by Hardship Beginning of Concerted Action Self- 

 Restraint and the Moral Sense Stupendous Conse- 

 quences. 



EVERY animal, as we see it to-day, Is the prod- 

 uct of its evolution up to date. We can state 

 with scientific certainty how most of its attributes 

 were acquired by its ancestors. 



No kind of creature can possess any character- 

 istic habit or any detail of structure which has 

 not been useful to its ancestors. All the apparent 

 symptoms of pain and seeming fear of pain which 

 animals exhibit can be explained as habits which 

 have proved useful to the race in safeguarding its 

 members from injury; but what could not be so 

 explained would be any self-conscious knowledge 

 on their part of " pain " itself, as we feel it. 



