AUTHOEITIES IN SUPPORT 



of Kant, probably the greatest of all philosophers 

 of modern times, one significant passage : " The 

 dog distinguishes roast meat from bread because 

 he is affected differently by them (for different 

 things produce different sensations), and the 

 sensation of the former is the source of a different 

 desire in him from that of the latter, in conse- 

 quence of the natural connection of his instincts 

 and his ideas.* From this we draw the sugges- 

 tion to study more carefully the essential distinc- 

 tion between rational and irrational animals. If 

 we could discover what that secret faculty is by 

 which judgment is possible we should solve the 

 difficulty. 



My present opinion inclines to this, that this 

 faculty or capacity is nothing but the power of 

 the internal sense that is, the power of making 

 our own ideas the object of our thoughts." 



As a footnote to the sentence marked * in the 

 above, Kant wrote : " It is, in fact, of the great- 

 est importance to attend to this in an inquiry 

 into the nature of the lower animals. In observing 

 them we are aware merely of certain outward 

 actions, the difference of which indicates a differ- 

 ence in the determination of their desire. But it 

 by no means follows that this is preceded in them 

 by such an act of the faculty of knowledge that 

 they are conscious of the agreement or disagree- 

 [157] 



