AUTHORITIES IN SUPPORT 



in its chief operations is not directed by any such 

 relations or comparisons of ideas as are the proper 

 objects of our intellectual faculties. Though the 

 instinct be different, yet still it is an instinct, 

 which teaches a man to avoid the fire as much as 

 that which teaches a bird with such exactness the 

 art of incubation and the whole economy and order 

 of its nursery." 



Could anything be more perfect and lucid than 

 the crescendo of argument expressed in these ex- 

 tracts? And the fact that they merely crystallize 

 in virile English the truths which I have been 

 trying to express encourages me greatly. It can- 

 not be mere accident that great minds, such as 

 those of Kant, David Hume, and Darwin, all ar- 

 rived by their separate paths of straight, converg- 

 ing thought at the point where my argument 

 started the fact, namely that animals are not 

 conscious of the reasons for their actions. 



Among modern thinkers of course there are 

 many who have questioned the extent to which 

 animals can be conscious of feeling pain. 



Alfred Russel Wallace says: "The supposed 

 torments and miseries of animals . . . are the 

 reflections of the imagined sensations of cultivated 

 men and women in similar circumstances." 



In his " Miracles of Unbelief," Frank Ballard 

 [161] 



