AUTHORITIES IN SUPPORT 



lation to suffering. Most of us fail to realize the 

 great amount of mental and bodily activity that 

 goes on outside consciousness. Of course, this ap- 

 plies to animals with greater force than it applies 

 to man, because animals have a much more limited 

 sphere of consciousness. Also, we overlook the 

 fact that a man's nervous system will respond to a 

 stimulus from without, and a state of conscious- 

 ness (e. g., pain) may be brought about as a result, 

 while an animal's nervous system will respond to 

 the same stimulus and no state of consciousness 

 (i. e., no pain) will result. Therefore, we do not 

 see the fallacy, although there is one, in believing 

 that consciousness must be associated with a series 

 of complicated actions performed by an animal to 

 effect an end." 



I have quoted the foregoing because, while it 

 admirably expresses the correct scientific point of 

 view of the matter, it illustrates my difficulty in 

 the expression of new ideas by means of old words, 

 since the writer uses the word " pain " as equiva- 

 lent to a form of consciousness, and I have been 

 using the word " pain " no other word being 

 available as equivalent to a bodily sensation, 

 which may or may not be " conscious." 



The point of real importance, however, is that 

 there is this vital difference between the feelings 



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