10 



the endowment in this State and directed it to the maintenance of a scientific school. 

 A farm has been bought, a building for scientific collections is now in process of erec- 

 tion, and a considerable number of students have been annually taught. 



New York. The imperial grant received by the Empire State was directed (April 27, 

 1865) to the foundation of the Cornell University, in Ithaca, so named in honor of the 

 munificent gifts of Mr. Ezra Cornell. Several large and costly stone buildings have 

 been erected for the tiniversity, extensive libraries and collections have been secured, 

 the farm is under cultivation, and a body of students, several hundred in number, are 

 under the care of a largo and able corps of instructors. 



(a.) The general courses are those in science, philosophy, and the arts ; (&.) the elec- 

 tive courses are those which the student may select out for himself; (c.) and the special 

 courses are those which are pursued by a student taking up only a single department of 

 science. 



North Carolina. The University of North Carolina, established at Chapel Hill, was seri- 

 ously affected by the war, and the efforts for its reorganization have not been successful. 

 It was announced in 1869 that it would contain eight colleges : 1st, of literature and the 

 arts ; 2d, of philosophy ; 3d, of science and the arts ; 4th, of agriculture and the mechanic 

 arts ; 5th, of business and commerce ; 6th, the normal college ; 7th of law ; 8th, of 

 medicine. 



Ohio. The fund derived from the sale of the scrip assigned to this State amounts to 

 much more than $400,000. There has been a difference of opinion as to whether a new 

 institution should be organized with this fund, or whether it should be directed to the 

 strengthening of one or more of the colleges already in operation. Meanwhile the 

 capital was increasing under the management of the State authorities. The legislature 

 at length voted to establish an Ohio College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, and 

 to receive proposals offering a site. 



Pennsylvania. "The Agricultural College in Pennsylvania," opened in 1859, near 

 Bellefonte, in Centre County, became the recipient of the congressional gift by an act 

 approved April 1, 1863, and slightly modified April 11, 1866. The circular for the year 

 1871 offers the choice of three courses : 1st, agricultural ; 2d, scientific ; 3d, literary. 



Rhode Island. In this State the scrip was assigned to the corporation of Brown 

 University for the purpose of providing and maintaining a scientific department or 

 college. Such a department is now maintained with special reference to chemistry (in 

 its applications to agriculture and the mechanic arts) and civil engineering. 



Tennessee. In January, 1869, the general assembly appropriated the proceeds of the 

 sale of the land scrip to the East Tennessee University at Kuoxville. The endowment 

 was accepted by the trustees, and in June, 1869, the institution, which had been sus- 

 pended on account of the war, (and resumed in 1865,) was reorganized, in accordance 

 with the congressional law. In spite of some embarrassments, it is now making such 

 progress as appears to the trustees satisfactory. A farm and appropriate buildings are 

 owned by the university. 



Vermont. On the 22d of November, 1864, the Vermont scrip was assigned to a new 

 body corporate by the name of the " Vermont Agricultural College," and on the 9th 

 of November, 1865, this body was joined with the well-known University in Burling- 

 ton, under the name of the "University of Vermont, and State Agricultural College." 

 The reorganized institution is in successful progress. 



West Virginia. The scrip in this State is devoted to the establishment of the West 

 Virginia Agricultural College at Morgantown. In addition to the preparatory and 

 literary courses, there are scientific, agricultural, military, optional, and normal courses 

 of study. The act of the State legislature bears date February 7, 1867. 



Wisconsin. By an act approved April 12, 1866, the legislature of Wisconsin reorgan- 

 ized the State University, established at Madison, and bestowed upon it, in addition to 

 the income of the university fund, the incpme of the fund derived from the national ap- 

 propriation of 1862. The university is provided with several important edifices, and a 

 farm contiguous to the original site of the university has been bought for the promo- 

 tion of agricultural science. The university has made uninterrupted progress for sev- 

 eral years past. It includes two colleges : 1st, of arts ; 2d, of letters. 



The departments of agriculture, mining, metallurgy, and engineering are branches of 

 the college of arts. The university has also a law department and a female college. 



CHARACTER OF THE INSTRUCTION. 



It has been shown elsewhere that in the organization and management of the na- 

 tional schools the influence of three distinct social wants is apparent. 



First, and most easily recognized, is the need, which is felt throughout the land, of 

 able, educated, trustworthy technologists, such as well-informed engineers, architects, 

 mechanicians, manufacturers, miners, agriculturists, and the like. Such men the neces- 

 sities of the country are loudly calling for. They find ready and lucrative employment ; 

 they contribute to the development of the national wealth. While their general cul- 

 ture should be as good as possible, they must be men who know how to put in practice 



