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States. There is also no doubt that, in many cases, the end to be gained was better 

 understood than the means which should be employed, or, in other words, that the 

 theory of agricultural education was vaguely worked out. 



The action of Congress, however, was most wisely guided under the leadership of 

 Hon. J. S. Morrill, of Vermont, then a Representative and now a Senator in Congress, so 

 4hat not only agriculture, but the mechanic arts and not only these departments of 

 study, but all other branches of modern science might be taught in the institutions 

 aided by the national bounty. Even classical studies are not excluded. The object of 

 the gift is expressly stated to be " the liberal and practical education of the industrial 

 classes." As an indication of the mode in which the several States are trying to meet 

 the agricultural demands, the following facts are brought together from the printed 

 statements of the several colleges : 



Delaware. The college has the use of the farm of the professor of agriculture, em- 

 bracing about 70 acres of well-improved land, adjoining the town of Newark, contain-- 

 ing meadow, tillage, and pasture grounds, six acres in truck garden eight acres in 

 small fruits and vineyard, five acres in apples, pears, peaches, and plains, and the 

 whole place well supplied with stock, tools, and farm machinery. 



Illinois. The College of Agriculture consists of two divisions, styled 1st, the school 

 of agriculture proper ; 2d, the school of horticulture and fruit-growing. The college has 

 a large stock farm of 410 acres, provided with a barn, and has a large variety of cattle. 

 It is well supplid with farm machinery and tools. 



There is also an experimental farm of about 70 acres, exclusive of orchards, &c. A 

 clinic for sick animals is held in the fall or winter term, to furnish opportunity for the 

 practical study of veterinary science. Surveying and drainage are illustrated by 

 practice in the field. The course in the school of horticulture embraces such studies 

 as are necessary to thorough mastery of gardening, fruit-growing, and forestry. The 

 school has ample horticultural grounds of about 130 acres, inchiding 20 acres of forest 

 plantations, 10 acres of ornamental grounds, several acres of nurseries, and large 

 garden plats. It has an apple orchard containing about 1,400 varieties, a pear orchard 

 of nearly 400 varieties, and various kinds of small fruits. It has two well-filled green- 

 houses, and is amply supplied with garden machinery and tools. 



Iowa. The farm originally purchased for the use of the Agricultural College com- 

 prises 648 acres, and contains about 160 acres of woodland. About 300 acres are under 

 the plow, and are cultivated by the students. One hundred and ninety acres addi- 

 tional have recently been purchased. This tract is to supply grazing. The nursery 

 contains about 3 acres, and the garden about 12. 'The farm is well supplied with barns, 

 sheds, &c. 



Kansas. The college farm contains 80 acres, inclosed by good fences. About one- 

 half of this tract is cultivated. Initial steps have been taken to add two or three 

 hundred acres to the farm. Agricultural institutes are a feature peculiar to this insti- 

 tution, and up to January, 1870, five had been held at different places in the State. 



Kentucky. The entire tract of land purchased for an experimental and model farm 

 comprised "Ashland," the home of Henry Clay, and the "Woodlands," a tract adjoin- 

 ing it. There are 463 acres in all. The Ashland estate is divided into the necessary 

 plats of pasture and tillable lands for the handling of the various breeds of stock, and 

 for the culture of every variety of crops. In this department students have opportuni- 

 ties, while defraying part of their expenses, to apply practically the principles of 

 science which they acquire in' the class-room. 



The horticultural department embraces the ornamental and experimental grounds 

 at Ashland and Woodlands, including gardens, orchards, vineyards, &c. Students 

 laboring in this department are under the supervision of a skillful superintendent, and 

 have ample facilities for practically applying the principles of botany and vegetable 

 physiology, and for a thorough knowledge of the art of grafting, budding, and planting, 

 and the general caro and culture of all kinds of trees, shrubs, and flowers. 



Maine. The college farm contains 370 acres of good land, with buildings not yet 

 completed, and includes extensive nurseries. 



Maryland. The instruction in agriculture is both theoretical and practical. Labor 

 on the farm is not allowed to interfere with studies, but is superadded to the mental 

 training, the primary object of the college. The farm contains 428 acres, with good 

 and commodious buildings, and various breeds of cattle, sheep, swine, &c. 



Massachusetts. The farm at Amherst contains 383 acres, and has numerous varieties 

 of excellent stock. The farm, besides producing various kinds of grain, is largely de- 

 voted to the growing of the sugar-beet. The students are all required to work more 

 or less of the time, and, under the skillful and enthusiastic guidance of their instructors, 

 are heartily interested in their work. The success of the agricultural college crew iu 

 the regatta of 1871 was a very significant occurrence, which may well be noticed by 

 all who are interested in questions of physical culture. 



Michigan. The farm contains 676 acres, about 300 of which are under cultivation. 

 Botanical, vegetable, and small fruit gardens, orchards, nurseries, museum of vegetable 

 products, and varieties of stock, are used constantly as means of illustrating tho 



