OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 5 



HOLIJERNESS. 



1. Greatest elevation generally below 100 feet. Dimlington Height is 



159 feet. 



2. The river Hull is the principal stream. 



3. Average depth of Rain in a year at Keyingham, 18 inches. 



4. Geological constitution. Tertiary sands at Bridlington; detrital 



gravel, clay, sand ; lacustrine and river sediments : buried forests. 



5. Valuable Minerals, &c. Gravel and Peat abound. 



6. Dialect. Some detached hills are called ' Barfs.' Lakes are called 



' Meers.' 



VALE OP PICKERING. 



1. Greatest elevation generally below 100 feet. 



2. The Derwent is the great drain of the Vale. 



3. Average depth of Rain in a year at Scarborough, 23 inches. 



4. Geological constitution. Kimmeridge Clay, covered by lacustrine 



and river sediments. 



5. Dialect. The low grounds are called ' Marshes,' or ' Marishes.' 



The great features of the earth's surface, the ranges of moun- 

 tains, the extended plains, the long promontories and retiring 

 bays, depend mainly on the position of the subjacent mineral 

 masses ; while the minuter physiognomy of hills and valleys, 

 the sinuosity of rivers, the character of waterfalls, and the in- 

 equality of caverns, have a further and very important depend- 

 ence on the internal structure and degree of consolidation of 

 rocks. These are fundamental propositions in physical geogra- 

 phy, and demand our earliest attention. 



The lands of Yorkshire rise in masses toward the west. 

 This is true whether we regard the area as a whole, or 

 consider the features of its several districts. Thus, from Burton 

 Head in the north-east to Mickle Fell in the north-west, the 

 rise is 1115 feet; and from Wilton Beacon in the south-east to 

 Holme Moss in the south-west, 1054 feet. As a whole, the 

 country rises also from the south to the north ; from the hills 

 which border the valley of the Dun, to the ' fells ' which give 

 birth to the Tees ; from the chalk wolds over Humber to the 

 oolitic moors above the Esk. From Holme Moss, in the south- 



