20 MOUNTAINS. 



HOUGILL FELLS (Celt. Uchel, elevated). Lying west from 

 this series, and contrasting with them in every respect, is the 

 tract of Hougill Fells, divided between Yorkshire and West- 

 moreland. Naturally it belongs to the latter, being composed 

 of the slaty rocks usual in that county, and separated from the 

 limestone and gritstone of Yorkshire by a line of valley and a 

 line of fault. In accordance with the nature of the rocks is the 

 character of the scenery ; intersecting slopes in angular masses 

 of grey rock breaking through steep green surfaces, give to this 

 district a very different aspect from the broad swells, rough craggy 

 edges, and brown or purple heath, which mark the greater part 

 of the Yorkshire Fells. The waterfall of Codley Spout, a cascade 

 of several hundred feet, is in this group, whose culminating 

 summit, the 'Calf/ is 2188 feet, according to the Ordnance Sur- 

 vey, or 2220 feet, according to the measure of Mr. Nixon, above 

 the sea. Hougill Fells are on the east bank of the Lune, which 

 embraces them in its wandering and beautiful course. 



WATER CRAG GROUP. A few miles within or to the east of 

 the line of 'heaven-water* drainage, between Swaledale and 

 Arkendale (which is a branch of Swaledale), three broad moor- 

 land surfaces rise to heights exceeding 2000 feet. These are 

 Roggan Seat, 2207 feet (Nixon), Water Crag, 21 84 0. (2191 N.), 

 and Pin Seat, 2125. Between Arkendale and Greta Dale, Hoove 

 and Baxton Knab are the highest points, the former being 1823 

 feet. These are hills of millstone grit, with thin coal seams, rest- 

 ing on the Yoredale limestones, which form magnificent scars 

 along Arkendale and Swaledale. Calver, a limestone hill, and 

 Healaugh Crag, composed of rough millstone grit, near Reeth, are 

 conspicuous objects. The famous Auld Gang, and Arkendale 

 mines, on veins which run for many miles east and west, are in 

 this group of mountains. They were probably worked by the 

 Romans. 



SWALEDALE HEAD. A singular crescent of gritstone sum- 

 mits encircles all the first feeders of the Swale, and thus hides 

 from the wanderer in the upper part of the dale every thing but 



