TEES. 45 



of Mr. William Hill, the river which washes the walls of York, 

 and obtained for a period of seven months, commencing 1st No- 

 vember 1851, the quantity of water in cubic feet per day. I 

 conclude from these observations that the river, when it is en- 

 tirely free from freshes, and supplied only by springs and drains, 

 delivers about 15,000 cubic feet per minute. The drainage of 

 the York River amounts to about 1268 square miles, and there- 

 fore the annual supply of spring water to the river is equal to a 

 depth of 2 '66 inches on the whole surface, besides the amount 

 evaporated from the streams. 



At Naburn, four miles below York, the river discharges itself 

 over a dam, where its depth can be easily measured. After long 

 drought, when the stream may be regarded as supplied only from 

 springs and drains, the depth on the dam is only a few inches. 

 What additions are made to this constant supply by irregular 

 freshes and inundations, I cannot at present state. 



THE TEES. 



TEES, a river to which Yorkshire and Durham have equal 

 claims, rises among the loftiest and most lonely mountains on 

 the Penine Chain ; for its main stream comes down from the east 

 side of Cross Fell (2901 feet), and several branches gather their 

 supplies from scarcely inferior levels in the wilderness of Milburn 

 Forest, and on the slopes of Scordale Head and Mickle Fell. 

 Some of their remotest sources reach beyond the boundaries of 

 Yorkshire and Durham into Westmoreland and Cumberland, 

 and other branches come in from the north which rise in Hart- 

 hope, Swinhope, and Westenhope Commons. These streams 

 are more commonly called Burns, as in Northumberland, than 

 Gills or Becks, as in Yorkshire and Cumberland. The termina- 

 tion f hope/ affixed to some villages and many small hamlets in 

 Weardale, is rarely used in Yorkshire. 



Descending from Crossfell, and gathering small feeders on its 

 way, the Tees expands into a long irregular surface, called the 

 ' Weel,' a Teutonic name, and at length throws itself over a great 

 cliff (200 feet high) of greenstone (this rock is locally called 



