76 RIVERS. 



to Stonegatc. It was furnished internally with guard-rooms and 

 turrets, and strengthened by angle towers of many sides, and 

 founded on piles. It enclosed a space approaching to 70 acres 

 (Wellbeloved's Eburacum, p. 47 et seq.}. 



Remains of Roman villas, pavements, baths, sarcophagi, urns, 

 tiled graves, have been disclosed in the course of many excava- 

 tions round the Old Camp, but within its area the marks of 

 luxurious life and inevitable death, which occur, belong mostly 

 to later times. While we write, excavations are in progress at 

 the Mount, on the road to Calcaria, and they have yielded sculp- 

 tures, an inscription, many urns, and some glass vessels. 



Traces of Roman buildings have lately been discovered in 

 digging the foundations of Dr. Laycock's house, not far from 

 the place where a stone was found inscribed to Serapis and re- 

 cording the erection of a temple to that deity. 



In the year A.D. 208 Severus marched from York to repress 

 the Caledonians, and in 210 he died, and perhaps was burned 

 with funeral honours at York ; but whether the ashes of this 

 great emperor were laid to rest in ' Severs Hoe ' at York, or in 

 the tomb of the Antonines by the Appian Way, seems uncer- 

 tain (Wellbeloved's Eburacum, p. 15). Constantius Chlorus also 

 died at York in 306 ; his son and successor, Constantine the 

 Great, being with him at the time. 



On the retirement of the legions during the last convulsions 

 of the Western Empire, the Roman walls were probably broken 

 through. The materials have been recognized in a Saxon wall, 

 deeply buried in the mound, where it was cut through by the 

 railway. They may also be seen in one of the churches on 

 Bishophill, which is of the Anglo-Saxon style, though in the 

 opinion of several antiquaries it has undergone reconstruction. 

 The Saxon name of the place is Eoforwic : in the Sagas of the 

 Northmen it is called lorvic, no doubt the immediate precursor 

 of York. 



The Norman masons opened new quarries, and employed 

 larger masses than suited the builders of the Roman wall, but 



