78 RIVERS. 



IOM 



DIS DEABVSQVE 

 HOSPITALIBVS PE 

 NATIBVSQ OB CON 

 SERVATAM SALVTEM 

 SVAM SVORVMQ 

 P . AEL MARCIAN 

 VS . PR^EF COH 

 ARAM SAC F.NCD. 



The Fosse filling the Roman fossa springs on the edge 

 of the Howardian Hills at Brandsby and Craike, and runs a 

 short course by Stillington and Marton, where remains of a 

 Norman monastery appear, and not far from Sheriff Hutton 

 Castle (12th century), whose high walls are conspicuous over 

 the Vale of York. 



Below York the course of the Ouse is southerly by Fulford, 

 where the Earls Edwin and Morcar were defeated by Hardrada, 

 and Bishopthorpe an old, but not the ancient seat of the Arch- 

 bishop, for Cawood preceded it, and indications of an earlier 

 residence in York are perceptible to Naburu, where a dam and 

 lock again hold up the fresh water for purposes of navigation, 

 and repel the tide. Thence by Acaster Malbis and Acaster 

 Selby, places with which, notwithstanding their name, no Roman 

 camp or road is known to have been connected, to the junction 

 of the Wharfe. 



THE WHARFE. 



WHARFEDALE. In its upper part this noble valley is divided 

 into Langstrothdale and Littondale, and the part about their 

 union is called Kettledale; but the river preserves its name 

 from the source under the southern brow of Cam Fell, 1273 feet 

 above the sea, to the junction with the Ouse below Tadcaster. 

 The early course of the Wharfe is in moorlands between two 



