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among which Farnley, still, after many centuries, the home of 

 the Fawkes, and Denton, the former seat of the Fairfaxes, the 

 birthplace of the translator of Tasso, are conspicuous. 



Near Wetherby the scenery contracts, and cliffs begin to shade 

 the stream, which winds between limestone cliffs through allu- 

 vial meadows to St. Helen's Ford, where the old military way 

 crosses the river. Below the dam at Tadcaster, the Calcaria 

 of the ' Itinerary/ we meet the tide. From the vicinity of this 

 place the Roman masons took stone for the walls of Eburacum ; 

 by it passed the road from that great station to Mancunium 

 (Manchester), soon joining another ancient way which led from 

 Lincoln (Lindum) by Doncaster (Danum) to Aldborough (Isu- 

 rium). This was the road which crossed the Wharfe at St. 

 Helen's Ford. It was probably at first a British road, as the 

 name, Rudgate, contains the Celtic prefix Rhydd, a ford, with 

 the Saxon term gate, a road. The town of Tadcaster is perhaps 

 situated on the very site of Calcaria, but we look for the bank 

 and ditch in vain. The Wharfe, after passing by the Saxon 

 village of Ulleskelfe and the pleasant park of Nun Appleton, 

 pays its tribute to the Ouse. 



Half a mile below Tadcaster, the little river Cock enters the 

 Wharfe from the south. A few yards from the confluence the 

 small stream is crossed by what is now a mere footpath, but in 

 the last century it was a line of road from Tadcaster towards 

 Grimston. It is carried over the Cock by a semicircular arch, 

 constructed without a key-stone, and springing from square pier- 

 walls. The blocks of stone are neatly squared, about twice as 

 large as in the wall of Eburacum ; on several are the mason- 

 marks. The parapets are modern. The arch has yielded a little 

 upwards, so as to be rather elliptical; its breadth 13 feet, 

 height 7 feet. The width of the bridge was estimated at about 

 8 feet. Mr. Roach Smith believes it to be Roman work. The 

 track leading from it to the south is called ' the Old Street.' 



At Cawood, all that remains of the archiepiscopal palace 

 (15th century) is a large chapel constructed of brick, and the 



