DERWENT. 85 



known in the south (as Darent in Kent), the 'fair water ' of 

 the east of Yorkshire, has a very singular course. Rising by 

 many branches on the north-eastern moorlands, it drains the 

 whole of that region lying south of Eskdale, by the Rye of Bils- 

 dale, the Bran and Dove of Bransdale and Farndale, the Severn 

 of Rosedale and Hartoftdale, the Costa of Newtondale, the 

 Staindale Beck, and the many streams which water the region of 

 Hackness and Harwooddale. We are thus brought near to the 

 sea-side at Scarborough; but if we turn to the south, a more 

 singular thing is observed. The Hartford brook or river rises 

 almost on the very cliff near Filey, at a height of about 100 feet 

 from the sea, and flows westward, southward, and eastward, 100 

 miles before reaching it. 



Many other rivulets than those here named join the Derwent, 

 between its origin near Scarborough and New Malton, where 

 it quits the Vale of Pickering to cross the Howardian Hills and 

 enters the Vale of York, but it will not be necessary to notice 

 them all. 



Derwent Head may be fixed not far from the Flask Inn, be- 

 tween Scarborough and Whitby, but nearer to the latter place. 

 The elevation of its moorland source may be about 600 feet. It 

 is nearly met by a stream which flows northward to the Esk. 

 Harwooddale is on the course of the Derwent before it enters 

 the chain of oolitic hills which runs from Scarborough to Hamble- 

 ton. Into this chain the valley enters deeply, and then winds 

 remarkably. Several branch streams come into it, before reaching 

 Hackness, below which it is shaded by the beautiful woods of 

 the ' Forge Valley/ At Hackness was a cell to the monastery 

 of Whitby. Monks sometimes established forges, of which the 

 cinders remain witnesses at Hackness and Rievaulx. The hills 

 on each side of the valley bear tumuli and extensive earthworks 

 of British tribes. Some of the former have yielded rude and 

 curious urns, burnt bones, beads, flint arrow-heads, and other 

 Celtic reliquiae. They may be seen at Scarborough, in the pos- 

 session of Mr. J. Tcsseyman. 



