ESK. 1(W 



Esk exhibits many small rushes and falls of water; the most 

 famous in the district is that remote and solitary cascade near 

 the head of Little Beck, called ' Falling Force.' The crown of 

 this cascade is ferruginous gritstone, such as usually covers the 

 upper Lias shale; over and in front of that shale the water 

 streams ; and then rushes northward in a long, narrow, nearly 

 straight channel margined by woods. 



In Goadland Dale we have Thomason's Force, a very pretty 

 wood-adorned rush of water. 



The district from which the Esk draws its supplies is quite as 

 much occupied by memorials of the dead as by the houses of the 

 living. For not only are tumuli seen on most of the conspi- 

 cuous hills Lilhoe, Silhoe, Loosehoe, Danby Beacon, Swarth- 

 hoe, &c., but on lower parts of the surface circular pits, the 

 bases of British huts, are seen in great number. In the excellent 

 1 History of "Whitby ' by Dr. Young, we have a full account of the 

 observations made by Mr. Bird and himself on these curious 

 dwellings of our forefathers. 



In general, as in the double series which encircles the summit 

 of Rosebury Topping, only circular hollows appear not unlike 

 swallow-holes. But at Egton Grange in Eskdale, the cavities, 

 which vary in diameter from 8 to 18 feet and in depth from 3 

 to 6 feet, have a raised border of earth and stones, with usually 

 an opening on one side. Some have been built round within in 

 the form of a well. 



Killing Pits, one mile south of Goadland Chapel ; Hole Pits, a 

 little south of Westerdale Chapel ; a few near Ugthorpe ; and a 

 large group between Danby Beacon and Wapley, have the same 

 general characters. In the last situation they are ranged in 

 two straight lines, as if on two sides of a street. The pits are 

 about 10 feet in diameter. Near them are several tumuli and 

 some high monoliths. Within the drainage of the Derwent such 

 remains are perhaps even more numerous, and trenches on the 

 terminal points and edges of hills are countless. (See Mr. New- 

 ton's Map of British and Roman Yorkshire.) 



