li>'_> THE SEA-COAST. 



years, and found to equal 2^ yards in a year, on an average ; 

 which upon 36 miles of coast amounts to about 30 acres. At 

 this rate, which may be less than formerly, when the coast was 

 less protected by Flamborough Head, one mile in breadth has 

 been lost since the Norman conquest, and more than two miles 

 since the Roman occupation of Eburacum. The composition of 

 the cliffs favours this rapid waste. In all the length from the 

 Spurn to Bridlington there is no rock. 



Kilnsea Cliff is a low detached part of the old solid land, and 

 its composition is very peculiar. The silt or warp, which alone 

 is found in it, is disposed in thin parallel laminae remarkably 

 undulated ; as if sediments derived from inundations had been 

 subject to very uniform rippling. Beyond to the north, as far as 

 Easington, sand and pebbles form the shore, and guard the in- 

 terior low ground which extends to the Humber. Then the 

 cliffs of boulder-clay and pebbles appear, and gradually rise to 

 Dimlington Height, 146 feet above high water. Lower gravelly 

 cliffs succeed, with freshwater deposits in hollows about Out 

 Newton and Holympton, and near Withernsea. A more remark- 

 able deposit of this kind appears in a depressed part of the cliff 

 before reaching Outhorne, or rather what was Outhorne. There 

 is a blue lacustrine clay with Anodonta ; above, a layer of peat, 

 with many roots and branches of trees, hazel-nuts, leaves, and, 

 less commonly, horns and bones of the red deer. A canoe, made 

 of the trunk of a tree, was also found here, like others of early 

 British date which have been found in the sediments of the 

 Aire and the Calder, in the Fens of Lincolnshire, and many other 

 places. 



Those are impressive words which we read on old Yorkshire 

 maps : " Here stood Auburn which was washed away by the 

 sea ;" " Hartburn, washed away by the sea ;" " Hyde, lost in 

 the sea." In other documents mention is made of Frismerk, 

 Tharlesthorpe, Redmayr, Penny smerk, Upsal, and Pottersfleet. 

 Where are they now ? 



Within my own knowledge Outhorne has been added to this 



