DISTRIBUTION OF THE PEOPLE. 223 



denly from its main course, and complicated with additional 

 works, apparently defensive; one of these is a small camp at 

 Cauldwell, about 90 yards square. It is usually a ' double dike/ 

 enclosing a ditch, and it is remarked as a general rule that the 

 dike on the west side is higher than that on the east, as if the 

 rampart was to be a defence against the east. 



Stanwick, on the line of the dike, surrounded by extensive 

 entrenchments, has on the elevated space called the Tofts, an 

 appropriate place for a British citadel, strengthened on two sides 

 by entrenchments, and furnished with a covered way to Forcett. 

 Mr. Maclaughlan agrees with Dr. Whitaker in regarding these 

 remains as belonging to a British tribe before the Roman con- 

 quest. In this district monoliths, cromlechs, and the excavated 

 bases of houses seem to be unknown. 



Mr. Maclaughlan describes an ancient camp with double ram- 

 part at Howbury, a little below Wycliffe, on the Tees ; another 

 at Castlesteads, above Dalton, in the parish of Kirkby Ravens- 

 worth ; and a third at Kirkby Ravensworth village. Maiden 

 Castle, one mile S.W. of Reeth, where the Arkle joins the 

 Swale, is a strongly fortified point. " The church-yard at Cat- 

 terick has apparently formed the interior of an ancient camp ; " 

 but whether of a date anterior to the Roman station at Thorn- 

 brough (Cataractonium), or subsequently constructed by the 

 Saxons, cannot now be determined. About a mile S.E. of 

 Catterick is an entrenchment called Castle Hills, believed to be 

 of Anglian or Danish work, and compared with the Camps at 

 Sedbergh on the Rother, and at Hornby on the Lune. Tumuli 

 occur near Castlesteads, above Dalton, close by Catterick, and 

 in the Thrummy Fields near Thornbrough (south of Cataracto- 

 nium). 



Vicinity of Ilkley. If we now transport ourselves to the 

 Wharfe, we find a considerable number of entrenchments and 

 camps, ' rocking-stones ' and tumuli, around the perpetual 

 springs near the Roman station of Olicana. The frequency of 

 conspicuous stones is an obvious consequence of the abundance 



