:.'_>! THE BR1GANTES. 



of gritstone in all the hills, especially on Rumeley's Moor, where 

 Saxon Crosses have succeeded the memorial stones of the Druids. 



Vicinity of Cambodunum. In like manner the gritstone di- 

 stricts round the upper branches of the Calder, are full of en- 

 trenchments, 'castles/ 'rocking* stones, 'Round' rings, 'Bull' 

 rings, 'Bride' stones, 'Tower' hills, 'Miller's' graves, and other 

 marks of long occupation, varied with such names as Street and 

 Causeway, the only indications now remaining of what were 

 once Roman roads. No round pits have been described in this 

 tract. Cambodunum may be regarded as bearing the same 

 relation to this district as Cataractonium maintained to the little 

 regnum around that northern city. 



We may in the same spirit group together the camps, cause- 

 ways, dikes, banks, rings, rocking-stones and monoliths, which 

 are frequent in the region round the headwaters of the Dun, 

 and the country of Rotherham and Conisborough. Here we 

 have the combined entrenchments of Wincobank and Mexbo- 

 rough comparable with those between the Swale and the Tees ; 

 the camps of Conisborough, Rawmarsh, Castle Holmes, Winco- 

 bank, and Bradfield ; the circular camps near Penistone ; and 

 the fine old mound of Stainborough. Of this region, the Ro- 

 man stations at Templebrough and Doncaster seem to be the 

 centre, communicating westward by the Long causeway toBrough, 

 near Hope, and both northward and southward by the Ryknield 

 Way. Tumuli are rare in this district, and British pits are not 

 at all mentioned. 



Defended in a military sense by marshes on the east and by 

 mountains on the west, the Dun was here more easily attempted 

 and required more considerable defences. They are on the whole 

 most numerous on the north side of the valley, especially the 

 long mounds ; and may perhaps mark contests in which the de- 

 fence was made from the north against attacks from the south. 

 Was the Brigantian strength here opposed to the Roman legions ? 

 Is the name of Austerfield near Doncaster a memorial of Osto- 

 rius? 



