DISTRIBUTION OF THE PEOPLE. 225 



Another centre of ancient population which is distinctly con- 

 nected with British and Saxon history, may be fixed at the strong 

 mound of Barwick in Elmet ; part of a system of earthworks 

 which embraced Killingbeck near Leeds, Aberford, and Bram- 

 ham Moor. The expulsion from this country of Cerdic or Ce- 

 reticus has been mentioned. 



A palace in Loidis is mentioned by Bede, and at ' Eamot' 

 Athelstane made peace with his humbled enemies (A.D. 926). 



Another of these centres of population ought perhaps to be 

 placed by the four great stones near which the Roman tents 

 were pitched at Isu Brigantum (Aldborough), near the head of 

 the tide in the Eure. We have here, however, no extensive 

 system of earthworks, no great number of tumuli, and no pit- 

 houses ; so that it might appear as if this was at first a Roman 

 prsesidium rather than a British town. ' Isu Brigantum/ how- 

 ever, seems to indicate it as the water station of the tribe. 



What is now one of the poorest and most unpromising parts 

 of Yorkshire, the great Moorland district in the north-east, is 

 full of British remains entrenchments, camps, dikes, tumuli, 

 'Bride* stones, 'Standing' stones, and ( Pits/ We may indicate 

 the collections of pits near Wapley Inn, Egton Grange, Goadland, 

 Cloughton, Scamridge, Stone Hags, and Rosebury Topping, as 

 eminently characteristic of the district. The number of these 

 objects, as well as of the entrenchments, camps, remarkable 

 stones and tumuli, appears to augment toward the sea-coast. 

 This must have been a scattered population of shepherds, who 

 have left traces of long but not altogether peaceful occupation. 

 There was no Roman city in the district, and only one of the 

 Camps at Cawthorn was a permanent and carefully protected 

 station. 



Along the southern edge of the Moors we have a line of an- 

 cient villages, settled by beautiful springs and streams, with 

 pasture-lands above and the lake-like Vale of Pickering below. 

 Above these villages are mounds and tumuli and camps on the 

 dry hills, and we are guided by the history of the early monas- 



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