240 THE ROMANS. 



brough (camp) to Chesterfield (camp) and Derby (camp). They 

 could also cross to Maucunium by a line which leaves the 5th 

 and 8th Iter near Pontefract, and runs by Wakefield, Ossett, 

 and Kirklees (camp), to Cambodunum ; or go from Temple- 

 brough, by the Long Causeway, through the north of Derby- 

 shire. They had also a road to Ribchester (station) from Cal- 

 caria, over Bramham Moor, through Adel (camp), Olicana, and 

 the low Craven country. 



The march of the soldiers to defend the Wall, or carry the 

 Eagles to the Grampian mountains, was always by one great 

 road (It. i. ii. v.), through Isurium and Catarractonium. Here 

 the road forked, so as to conduct by Pierse Bridge (camp) to 

 the eastern, and by Greta Bridge (camp), Lavatrse, and Verterse, 

 to the western part of the Wall. From Isurium, a cross road 

 over hilly ground led to Olicana, matched by another running 

 eastward by Yearsley (camp), Hovingham (villa), and the street 

 to Malton (camps). There was also a branch north-westward, 

 incompletely traced, by Wath and Thornborough to Bracchium 

 in Uredale. 



In the western part several old roads facilitated passage across 

 the hilly ground as from Catarractonium by Masham, and 

 Grewelthorpe (Nutwith Camp), toward Ripley and Ilkley from 

 Barnard Castle (street) by Reeth (camp) to Bracchium. From 

 this place roads seem to have led in several directions, as to 

 Garsdale and Sedbergh (camp), Ingleton and Kirkby Lonsdale 

 (camp), to Wharfedale, Grassington (British remains), Flasby 

 (Roman remains), and Gargrave (Roman remains). From 

 Olicana a road is traced toward Mancunium, and from Isurium 

 a direct road runs to Aberford, called in a part of its course 

 Rudgate, and most likely connected by a route over Marston 

 Moor from Green Hammerton to York. 



Turning now to the eastern part of Yorkshire, we observe 

 that none of the several inland camps, stations, and towns can 

 be named by direct testimony; nor is either of the Roman 

 roads, which lead from Eburacum in a radiating manner to the 



