286 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 



PLATE XVI. Cow and Calf Rocks, Ilkley, p. 80. 



The fine effect of these huge masses of millstone grit is enhanced by their 

 position at a prominent part of the Moors, which overhangs Benrhyd- 

 ding. Great and Little Alms Cliif, and many of the hills to the north 

 are edged by grand masses of the same rock. It forms magnificent 

 Crags on the south-western border of the county. 



PLATE XVII. Ancient Crosses, Ilkley, p. 81. 



The style of all these reliques is characteristically Anglo-Saxon ; but there 

 is much inequality in the work. In the central figure one side is 

 occupied by the usual ' runic ' design, another by very rude skeletons. 

 The front pillar has the involved pattern on one face, and on another 

 some elegantly designed complications of animal forms, arranged in 

 compartments, the angles being marked by the slender spirally fluted 

 pillar, which appears in some late Roman sculptures. 



PLATE XVIII. Rosebury Topping, p. 87. 



The crown of this hill is a gritstone capping : the upper lias shale forms a 

 concave slope beneath, and then the marlstone series runs out in a 

 narrow terrace. Above this terrace is the band of ironstone, and a 

 little higher is the range of pits presumed to be the bases of British 

 huts (p. 203). 



PLATE XIX. Malham Cove, p. 93. 



The subterranean channel through which the Aire arrives at the base of 

 Malham Cove may be compared to the Cave of Ingleborough 

 (Plate VII.). Before the fissures were enlarged to their present de- 

 gree of openness, the overflow of water at the top of Malham Cove 

 may have been a common occurrence. In modern times it can only 

 happen when the subterranean channel is incapable of discharging the 

 streams which gather to it. It is a general rule in the Scar limestone 

 country, that the streams find lower and lower openings, and thus 

 desert and leave dry the upper parts of their channels. 



PLATE XX. Gordale, p. 94. 



The reader will remark in the rocks here portrayed, a prismatic structure 

 of certain thick beds, indicated by the prevalence of vertical lines. 

 That is a character which may be recognized again in Malham Cove, 

 Kilnsey Crag, and many other high limestone cliifs, and it appears in 

 the vicinity of many of the Caves. 



