32 TRACK. 



In order to maintain the standard gage, three lines of spikes 

 must be drawn if old steel rails are replaced by rails of wider 

 section. 



DISTRIBUTING RAILS. 



The rails may be distributed either from the ends or sides of 

 train. If distributed from the sides, both ends of rail must be 

 dropped simultaneously. Skids will invariably be used when- 

 ever necessary to unload into piles. In all cases the greatest 

 care must be used to avoid injury to rails by dropping them on 

 hard substances or uneven surfaces. 



CURVING. 



Rails in curves of over 2 must be separately curved, and 

 before being placed in track. An Emerson rail bender or 

 bender of similar type will invariably be used for this pur- 

 pose. The sledging of rails is positively prohibited. 



Particular care must be given to insure uniform curvature 

 of the rail throughout its length, in accordance with the fol- 

 lowing table of middle ordinates: 



TABLE OF MIDDLE ORDINATES. 



Degs. Ins. Degs. Ins. Degs. Ins. Degs. Ins. 



1 % 6 IVie 11 2Vi 1 S% 



2 % 71% 12 2A. 17 4 



3 "/i. 8 1% 13 3V 18 4V 4 



4 15 /i 9 2% 14 3 5 / ie 44 



5 l/ie 10 2% < 15 fci 20 4*A. 

 NOTE. Ordinate at quarters equals three-quarters of middle ordinates. 



PLACING OF RAILS IN TRACK. 



The rails must be laid to line and gage, and placed in track 

 consecutively, throwing out both rails from the old track 

 ahead, as the new rails are laid when track is relaid. Split 

 points will be used for closing track for passage of trains. 

 Accurate expansion cannot be secured if long stretches of 

 rails are fastened up to one side of track and subsequently 

 thrown into line, and this method is prohibited. 



The track will be laid with even joints on tangents and 

 broken joints on curves, except on sections of frequent cur- 

 vature and short tangents less than 1,000 ft, in length, where 

 broken joints will be maintained throughout. 



To pass from even joints on tangents to broken joints on 

 curves, cut and use a rail according to the following rule: 



