42 BRIDGES AND CULVERTS. 



enlarging above or below structure? Does structure afford 

 ample waterway? Is riprap needed to maintain channel or 

 protect roadway? 



2. Note line and surface; also condition of rails, joints and 

 fastenings on bridge and approaches. See that rails are braced 

 on curves where necessary, and that track on approaches is 

 firmly bedded, avoiding shock or jolt to train as it passes on 

 to bridge. 



3. Note any rotten, split or otherwise defective bridge ties, 

 giving number, size and kind. 



4. See if guard rails are in line and bolted or spiked down 

 tight 



5. Note condition of caps and stringers, particularly at 

 points where they bear against other members. 



6. Note if plumb and batter posts are crooked, split or de- 

 cayed, and if bents stand plumb. 



7. See if trestle towers or bents are properly sway-braced, 

 and all braces longitudinal and transverse are drawn up tight 

 and have sufficient bolts or spikes to hold them properly. 



8. Note particularly the condition of piles where they enter 

 the ground or water. See that' they stand properly. 



9. Examine each pier and abutment as to joints, settlement, 

 imperfect stones, cracks or other defects; note if work needs 

 pointing up, or if cracks have opened since last pointed; make 

 such measurements as will locate position of cracks, and note 

 on sketch on back of report blank: Condition of riprap if 

 any. Is riprap needed to prevent undermining? How much? 

 Condition of pedestal stones, and whether bridge seat is clean 

 and water drained off. 



10. Note condition of culvert and retaining walls. See if they 

 are yielding by settlement or bulging from the pressure/ of the 

 embankment 



11. Condition of ring, or covering stone, of box or arch cul- 

 verts. 



12. Note condition of paving and riprap, and that same is so 

 placed that it cannot be undermined by washing. 



13. Does pipe drain need head or tail wall to protect em- 

 bankment from washing? And does it clear itself of water? 



14. Does timber box need to be replaced with masonry or 



