BRIDGES AND CULVERTS. 45 



nections should be lightly sounded to see that they are tight. 

 Also lateral connection rivets in riveted trusses, and any in- 

 tersection or other rivets which indicate by rust streaks, or 

 otherwise, that there is movement at that point. 



33. Note if there are any members, such as closed columns, 

 pedestals, etc., which catch and retain water by reason of not 

 having proper drain holes. 



34. Note carefully the line of each truss by the top chord 

 and by points on the floor beams equidistant from the center 

 of the posts. Also note the camber by the top u,nd bottom 

 chords, whether it is true and uniform or irregular. 



35. Look for loose rods, hangers, loose braces, unequal sized 

 timbers and other defects which require adjusting in order 

 that each of the different parts may have proper bearings 

 and carry its proper part of the load. 



36. Note any undue vibration of the structure under live load. 



37. Note excessive deflection of the structure under live 

 load, seeing if the two trusses have the same deflection. 



38. See if any rust spots are apparent under the paint. Note 

 if structure needs repairing. Iron bridge work should be 

 scraped and repainted as often as necessary to preserve from 

 rusting. 



39. Note such wooden structures as require barrels to add 

 to their safety, giving number required. State condition of 

 such barrels as may be in position. On all bridges of such, 

 magnitude as to require a watchman, there should be a foot 

 plank between the rails securely fastened to the ties to facili- 

 tate crossing the bridge quickly in emergencies, such as fire or 

 danger to trains. Note if ladders, either fixed or portable, are 

 required for the safety of the structure or to facilitate in- 

 spection. 



40. See if material, driftwood, weeds, grass or other rubbish 

 is properly removed and burned, or otherwise disposed of. 



LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS FOR CLASS OF STRUCTURES. 



W.B. Wooden or timber box cul- P. B. Pile bridge, 



vert. P. C. Pile culvert, 



a. B. Stone box culvert. T. B. Trestle bridge. 



S, A. Stone arch culvert H. T. Howe truss. 



T. P. Tile culvert pipe. C. T. Combination truss. 



C. P. Cast culvert pipe. I. T. Iron truss. 



B. p. Blind drain. D. S. Draw span. 



W.C.-Wall culvert. P. G.-Plate girder. 



