BRIDGES AND CULVERTS. 47 



handling same. All defects in workmanship or material must 

 be remedied as soon as detected. A thorough inspection must 

 be made for defects in painting, cleaning, reaming, spots of 

 shrivelled oil or paint, chips, burrs, sharp edges and black or 

 rusty spots on steel, scale, cinders and scratches, particularly 

 in joints and around rivet heads, brush hairs, or other foreign 

 matter covered over with paint or oil; all such defects shall 

 be remedied immediately, and noted in detail, to provide full 

 information, in casje of claims for extra compensation. 



Slight bends in members shall not be straightened unless 

 strictly necessary, on account of the danger of overstraining 

 connections and rivets. Connection plates, if slightly bent or 

 twisted, shall be straightened cold; if bent so sharply as to 

 require heating, the whole piece thus heated shall be subse- 

 quently annealed. All shop rivets, or any piece of member 

 thus straightened, shall be properly tested. 



Particular care will be taken to insure free expansion and 

 contraction, wherever provided for in plans. Any departure 

 in dimensions, amount of camber or otherwise, of material re- 

 ceived, from plans and specifications, must be noted and re- 

 ported immediately. 



All machine-fitted bolts shall be perfectly tight, and should 

 be burred or otherwise checked to prevent nuts from becom- 

 ing loose, and no unfilled rivet or bolt holes should be left in 

 any part of the structure. 



FITTING AND CHIPPING. The material must be assem- 

 bled in accordance wkh the match marks, and no interchange 

 of pieces must be made, unless absolutely necessary in order 

 to avoid chipping and fitting, or serious delay. 



Fitting and riveting of connections (especially angles) in 

 cases where pieces are short or full, must be done in such a 

 manner that the metal is not unduly strained, or cracks 

 caused. 



Dishonest or incompetent workmen frequently fill cracks 

 with paint, putty, cinders, dirt, oil or fillings, for the purpose of 

 deception. A close inspection must be made for this. 



Wooden rams or malls must be used in forcing members 

 to position, in order to protect metal from injury or shocks. 



Chipping of rivets, angle flanges, and edges of plates, must 



