ARCHAEOLOGY. 



25 



from 422 to 433. The block of marble on which posed to have come from the Propyleea, of which 



the lists were inscribed had been taken from the 

 walls of the Regia many hundred years ago and 



massive buttresses remain. About 75 feet south- 

 west of the west end of the Propylaea was a 



turned into a threshold at the entrance door of a platform with a fagade which extended beyond 

 public office lodged among the ruins of the basil- it as a balustrade. Digging from here, about 

 . = : _ i .--_. 1..J ,..._ 25 feet from lhe surface w hich they had broken 



the explorers came upon the floor* of an irreg- 

 ular quadrangular room. In the west wall of 

 this room were two lions' heads of bronze witli 

 wide-open mouths, as if for the flow of water. Be- 

 neath these heads were the round holes in the 



ica. About four fifths of the inscriptions had been 

 worn away, so that only the names of the tribunes 

 for the year 374 and of the consuls for the years 

 422-424 were left. " To value rightly the impor- 

 tance of these records," says Prof. Lanciani, " we 

 must remember that the mention of the Tribuni 



Militum for 374 is to be found only in Diodorus, pavement in which pitchers were placed for filling. 



xv, 50, and Livy, vi, 27, both being incorrect as 

 regards the number and the names of those officers. 



Above them the edge of the native ledge projected 

 forward. This was an ancient Greek fountain, re- 



Diodorus mentions only seven, Livy six ; the newly maining absolutely intact, the only example of the 



found Fasti nine, with names and genealogy in 

 full, ending with the record that toward the end 

 of the same year, on the approach of the Prsenes- 



kind known, for the other fountains that have 

 been discovered had been changed in some way. 

 But although it is certain that this fountain is 



tinian army to the walls of the city, T. Quintius Greek, the balustrade at the top of the steps lead- 



Cincinnatus Capitolinus was elected dictator rei 

 (jcru add' cattKsa, and that he chose as the head of 

 his staff Aulus Sempronius Atratinus." The col- 

 umn of consular names begins with that of 

 Spurius Postumius Albinus, A. u. c. 422, and 

 ends with that of Lucius Plautus Venno, con- 

 sul with Lucius Papirius in 424. Record is made 

 between them of the dictatorship of Cnaeus Quin- 

 tius Capitolinus clavi fingendi causa or for the 

 ceremony of driving a nail on Sept. 13 on the 



ing to it is Roman, and made from the temples 

 which Mummius destroyed. Pausanias mentions 

 a single fountain situated in the Agora, on which 

 stood a bronze statue of Poseidon with a dolphin 

 at his feet ejecting water from its mouth. A base 

 was found on the platform, which may have been 

 connected with this statue. 



In a summary of the results of the excavation 

 of the Argive Heraeum issued in advance of the 

 official publication Dr. Waldstein, agreeing appar- 



right side of the cella of Jupiter Optimus Maximus ently with Dr. Dorpfeld, assigns the remains of the 



on the Capitol. This custom, which was a very 

 old one, was derived from the Etruscans, who used 

 it to keep account of the years. But in process 



earliest Greek civilization yet found to the third 

 millennium B. c. A continuous indigenous devel- 

 opment from that period is shown in buildings, 



of time the ceremony came to be performed only pottery, and other features, for the study of which 



in extraordinary circumstances in this case on 

 account of a terrible mortality among the patri- 

 cian families. 



Grecian. The latest publication by the Hel- 

 lenic Society is the Plans and Drawings of Athe- 

 nian Buildings, a part of the work upon the to- 

 pography of Athens begun by the late Dr. Middle- 

 ton shortly before his death, with a view to 

 producing a book similar to his work on ancient 

 Rome. The sketches made by the author have 

 been revised on the spot by Mr. T. D. Atkinson, 



the Heraeum, a religious center from the most re- 

 mote period of the Argive territory, affords excel- 

 lent facilities. The earliest constructions found 

 on the site date, according to Dr. Waldstein, from 

 the nineteenth century B. c., a dating which cor- 

 responds with the old Greek tradition of the num- 

 ber of generations of kings who ruled in Argos, 

 and goes about four hundred years back of the 

 Mycenaean age. 



The final report by Prof. Dorpfeld of the latest 

 excavations at Hissarlik was announced for pub- 



architect. During the year 1901 the society hopes lication during the winter of 1900-1901. Besides 



to issue the record of the excavations carried out 

 by the members of the British school at Athens 

 upon the site of Phylakopi, in the island of Melos. 

 These excavations have revealed the existence of 

 a primitive city comparable to the ruins of Tiryns 

 and Hissarlik. A successful beginning of excava- 

 tions in the island of Crete has been made by Mr. 

 Hogarth, director of the British school, and the 

 discoveries made by him in the Dictsean cave and 

 by Mr. Arthur Evans, of the Cretan Exploration 

 Fund, on the site of Cnossus, are mentioned in the 

 report of the society as being of such a character 

 as to promise a rich harvest in the future. 



The explorations at Corinth were continued un- 



Prof. Dorpfeld's own contributions respecting the 

 positions of the several buried cities, the work 

 contains accounts of the archaeological researches 

 of his colaborers, Winnefeld/ Schmidt, Bruckner, 

 Gb'tze, and Wiberg, concerning the earlier and 

 later finds. 



Cretan. Archaeological interest has been di- 

 rected to Crete since about 1881, when Mr. W. J. 

 Stillmann reported the discovery of the remains 

 of a wall at Cnossus, fragments of Mycenaean pot- 

 tery, and curious signs upon stone blocks on the 

 hill of Cephala, near Candia. He desired to ex- 

 cavate there, but was not permitted by the author- 

 ities to do so. Dr. Schliemann also tried to secure 



der the auspices of the American investigators, the right to explore the site, but could not come 



In the excavations on the west side of the Pro- 

 pylaea numerous architrave blocks and parts of 

 statues were met with. Two figures, 8 feet 



to terms with the Turkish officers. In 1894 Mr. 

 Arthur J. Evans announced that he had discovered 

 the existence in this island of a system of writing 



high, wearing the Phrygian cap, were found at- long anterior to that of historic Greece, and at 



tached to pilasters at the back, to the tops of 

 which Corinthian square capitals were attached. 



the same time distinct from the Phoenician and 

 from the Hittite script of Anatolia. The writ- 



The tops of the heads of the statues were cut ings were found on seal stones bearing groups of 



away, so that they might come closer up against pictographs and characters in the linear style, 



the capital, which was also cut away a little. The Researches continued since then have added to the 



figures thus appeared to assist in bearing the data, and have culminated in the discovery in the 



architrave, and were analogous to the caryatides. 

 The bases of these statues were also found. Two 

 other large, fine female heads were discovered, 

 evidently belonging to the same series. No founda- 

 tions were found to fit these and other pieces 



Dictean cave of Zeus of part of a steatite libation 

 table of Mycenaean date, consisting of nilie similar 

 characters cut in the monumental style. Char- 

 acters in the linear style were also found at Cnos- 

 sus in 1894 and afterward. In 1896 Mr. Evans 



of superstructure, and they were therefore sup- acquired an undivided interest in the hill at 



