AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, a dual monarchy in 

 central Europe, composed, under the fundamental 

 law of Dec. 21, 1867, of the Empire of Austria and 

 the Kingdom of Hungary, inseparable constitu- 

 tional monarchies, hereditary in the male line of 

 the dynasty of Hapsburg-Lorraine or, in the event 

 of the extinction of the male line, in the female 

 line. The legislative power for affairs common to 

 both monarchies viz., foreign relations, military 

 and naval affairs, with the exception of the na- 

 tional territorial armies, common iinance, commer- 

 cial and railroad affairs concerning both mon- 

 archies, the customs tariff, the coinage, and the 

 administration of the occupied provinces of Bosnia 

 and Herzegovina is exercised by committees of 

 the legislative bodies of both monai-chies. These 

 committees, which are called the Delegations, meet 

 alternately in Vienna and Buda-Pesth, the two 

 capitals. They are composed of 20 members elected 

 annually by each of the two upper houses and 40 

 from each of the lower houses. The Austrian and 

 Hungarian Delegations meet and vote separately, 

 and in case of disagreement they decide the ques- 

 tion by a joint vote. The common ministers are 

 responsible to the Delegations, and may be im- 

 peached for any dereliction of duty. 



The Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary is 

 Franz Josef I, born Aug. 18, 1830, proclaimed Em- 

 peror of Austria on Dec. 2, 1848, when his uncle 

 Ferdinand I abdicated in consequence of a revolu- 

 tionary uprising, and he was crowned King of 

 Hungary on June 8, 1867, when the ancient consti- 

 tutional rights of that monarchy were restored. 

 The heir apparent is the Emperor-King's nephew, 

 the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, born April 21, 

 1865, son of the late Archduke Karl Ludwig and 

 the Princess Annunciata, daughter of the former 

 King of Naples. 



The ministers for the whole monarchy at the 

 beginning of 1900 were as follow: Minister of 

 Foreign Affairs and of the Imperial House, Graf 

 Agenor Maria Adam Goluchowski ; Common Min- 

 ister of War, Gen. Edmund, Freiherr von Krieg- 

 hammer; Common Minister of Finance, Benjamin 

 de Kallay. 



The Common Budget. The cost of the ad- 

 ministration of common affairs is borne by the two 

 halves of the monarchy in proportions settled by 

 an agreement between the Austrian Reichsrath 

 and the Hungarian Parliament. The ten years' 

 Ausgleich, as the agreement is called, was not re- 

 newed when the last period expired in 1897, and 

 pending negotiations for a new one the provisions 

 of the last Ausglcich were continued as a modus 

 rirendi. A compromise was reached in November, 

 1899, in accordance with which Hungary will pay 

 34.4 per cent, of the common expenditure and 

 Austria 65.6 per cent. The Hungarian quota is 

 3 per cent, more than under the old Ausgleich, 

 and the duties paid by Hungary are reduced in 

 the new commercial treaty so that the burden is 

 about the same in proportion as before. The com- 

 promise will run till Jan. 1, 1910, or three years 

 longer than the treaty. Hungary pays her share 

 of the interest and sinking fund of the debt of the 

 empire contracted prior to 1868. Since then no 

 common debt has been contracted except the paper 

 currency, which is guaranteed jointly. The com- 

 mon expenditure in 1897 was 171,285.000 florins, of 

 which 62,267,000 florins were receipts from customs 

 and the contributions of Austria and Hungary 

 were 74,786,000 and 34,232,000 florins respectively. 

 The preliminary accounts for 1898 make the total 

 revenue and expenditure 180.541,000 florins, of 

 which 71.147,000 florins came from customs and 

 the two monarchies contributed respectively 75,- 

 044,000 and 34,350,000 florins. According to the 



sanctioned estimates for 1899, the total was 150,- 

 857,000 florins, 57.139,000 florins being derived 

 from customs, 75,952,000 florins from the Austrian 

 and 34,766,000 florins from the Hungarian contri- 

 bution. The budget estimate for 1900 was 172,- 

 324,750 florins, customs yielding 62,475,045 florins; 

 receipts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 181,- 

 047 florins; Ministry of War and Marine, 4,450,3-19 

 florins; Ministry of Finance, 40,551; florins; Board 

 of Control, 6,367 florins; contributions of the two 

 halves of the monarchy, 105,171,352 florins. The 

 expenditure of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is 

 5,059,618 florins, 4,958,471 florins for ordinary and 

 101,147 florins for extraordinary purposes; for the 

 army, 145,280,352 florins, 134,593,088 florins for 

 ordinary and 10,687,264 florins for extraordinary 

 purposes; for the navy, 19,733,250 florins, 12,778,025 

 florins for ordinary and 6,955,225 florins for ex- 

 traordinary purposes; Ministry of Finance, 2,102,- 

 300 florins ; Board of Control, 149,230 florins 



Of the general debt, contracted before Dec. 24, 

 1867, the amount outstanding in July, 1899, was 

 2,722,549,875 florins. The annual payments for in- 

 terest and amortization amounted to 126,274,590 

 florins, of which 95,963,877 florins fell to the share 

 of Austria and 30,310,713 florins to the share of 

 Hungary. The floating debt amounted to 162,- 

 163,201 florins, of which 112,680,650 florins repre- 

 sent paper money guaranteed by both monarchies, 

 14,480,951 florins Austrian paper money, and 

 35,001,600 florins Austrian salt mine obligations. 



The revenue of Bosnia and Herzegovina for 1900 

 was estimated at 20,827,440 florins, and expendi- 

 ture at 20,763,184 florins. 



The Army. The common army is organized 

 in 15 army corps of 2 divisions, or 4 brigades, of 

 infantry, 1 brigade of cavalry, 1 brigade of artil- 

 lery, and 1 section of train. The common army 

 has a supplementary reserve, to which young men 

 not drawn for three years' active service are trans- 

 ferred. The Austrian Landwehr and the Hun- 

 garian Honved, constituting the special national 

 armies of the two monarchies, have also their sup- 

 plementary or Ersatz troops, which are drafted 

 into the respective armies in case of war. Young 

 men who have received a gymnasium education 

 are required to serve only one year in any of the 

 armies. The annual recruit for the common army 

 is 103,100 men, of which number Austria supplies 

 59,211 and Hungary 43,899. For the Austrian 

 Landwehr the yearly contingent is 10,000; for the 

 Honved, 12,500. The total peace strength of the 

 military forces in 1899 was 26,454 otlicers and 

 335,239 men, of whom 3,597 officers and 2,736 men 

 were attached to the general staff, 1,697 officers 

 and 7,153 men were serving in military establish- 

 ments, 10,447 officers and 178,138 men belonged to 

 the infantry of the common army, 1,890 officers 

 and 45,906 'men to the cavalry, 1,647 officers and 

 25,586 men to the field artillery, 422 officers and 

 7,786 men to the fortress artillery. 584 officers and 

 9,935 men to the pioneers, 79 officers and 2,964 

 men to the sanitary troops, 417 officers and 3,309 

 men to the train, 2\415 officers and 22,949 men to 

 the Landwehr infantry, 246 officers and 2,119 men 

 to the cavalry of the Landwehr, 2,587 officers and 

 22,312 men to the Honved infantry, and 426 offi- 

 cers and 4,346 men to the Honved cavalry; total, 

 361.693 officers and men, with 63.382 horses and 

 1,048 guns. 



The war strength of the Austro Hungarian army 

 is 45,238 officers and 1.S26.940 men, with 281,886 

 horses and 1,864 field guns. The general levy or 

 Landsturm is estimated at 4,000,000 men. Mili- 

 tary service in the national armies, as well as in 

 the common army, begins at the age of twenty- 

 one, and in the common army lasts ten years, viz., 



