48 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



three years in the line and seven years in the re- 

 serve;' in the Landwehr or Homed the period is 

 twelve years. All who are not in the common 

 army of the special armies or their reserves are 

 liable to be called out for service in the Land- 

 sturm from the age of nineteen to that of forty- 

 one, but only by command of the Emperor, and 

 not to serve outside the national border except by 

 parliamentary sanction. 



The Navy. The Austro-Hungarian navy, 

 which is kept in a high state of efficiency for 

 defensive purposes, will consist when completed of 

 l."> armor clads of 6,000 to 9,000 tons, 7 cruisers of 

 4,000 to 7,000 tons, 7 third-class cruisers of 1,500 

 to 2,500 tons, 15 torpedo gunboats, and 90 torpedo 

 craft of various sizes, exclusive of the monitors 

 and torpedo boats kept in the Danube. The ships 

 already built include 8 armor clads, 2 armored 

 cruisers, 3 second-class and 8 third-class cruisers,- 

 19 coast-defense vessels, and 32 first-class, 31 sec- 

 ond-class, and 8 third-class torpedo boats. There 

 were building on Jan. 1, 1900, 2 first-class battle 

 ships of 8,300 tons and 2 second-class cruisers. 

 The most powerful vessels previously constructed 

 are the Monarch, Wien, and Budapest, of 5,600 

 tons, with Harveyized steel side armor 10.6 inches 

 thick and gun protection, the armament consisting 

 of 4 9.4-inch guns, 6 quick-firing 5.9-inch guns, and 

 14 small quick firers. The armored cruiser Karl 

 VI, of 6,100 tons, has armor of the same thickness 

 and carries 2 9.4-inch guns, 8 quick-firing 5.9-inch 

 guns, and 18 small quick firers, and is capable of 

 steaming 20 knots, while the new battle ships can 

 make 17 knots. 



Navigation. The number of vessels entered at 

 the ports of Austria during 1897 was 105,146, of 

 12,134,468 tons; cleared, 104,962, of 12,123,554 

 tons. Of the vessels, 88 per cent, were Austrian; 

 of the tonnage, 90 per cent, was Austrian. At 

 Hungarian ports, 19,190 vessels, of 2,016,484 tons, 

 were entered and 19,174, of 2,012,945 tons, cleared 

 during 1898. Of the vessels 83 per cent, and of 

 the tonnage 63 per cent, were Hungarian. 



The Austrian shipping on Jan. 1, 1898, com- 

 prised 189 merchant vessels engaged in ocean com- 

 merce, of 168,038 tons; 1,452 coasting vessels, of 

 21,085 tons; and 10,033 fishing and other vessels, 

 of 21,423 tons; total, 11,674 vessels, of 210,546 tons, 

 of which 175, of 142,310 tons, were steamers. The 

 Hungarian merchant navy on Jan. 1, 1899, num- 

 bered 66 ocean-going vessels, of 56,889 tons; 158 

 coasting vessels, of 5,456 tons; and 277 fishing 

 craft, of 432 tons; total, 501 vessels, of 62,777 

 tons, of which 69 were steamers, of 43,869 tons. 



Commerce and Production. The total value 

 of the special imports into the Austro-Hungarian 

 customs territory, in which Bosnia and Herzego- 

 vina are included, amounted in 1899 to 790,300,000 

 florins, and the total value of exports was 928,- 

 400,000 florins. In 1898 the total for imports was 

 sl'.i.sOO.OOO florins; exports, 928,400,000 florins. 

 The chief imports in 1898 were cotton, of the value 

 of 52,814,000 florins; coal, 40,552,000 florins; wool, 

 39,400.000 florins; maize, 30,178,000 florins; to- 

 bacco, 25,556,000 florins ; coffee, 22,468,000 florins ; 

 silk, raw and manufactured, 21,682.000 florins; 

 wheat, 19,840,000 florins; wine in casks, 17,- 

 406,000 florins; flax and jute, 16,991,000 florins; 

 rye. 15,501,000 florins; eggs, 14,153,000 florins; 

 books and prints, 13,212,000 florins; copper, 11,- 

 765,000 florins; machinery, 9,132,000 florins; lal- 

 low, 8,263,000 florins; hides and skins. 7,(i!)3.000 

 florins; hogs, 6,464,000 florins. The chief exports 

 Mere lumber and wood manufactures, of the value 

 of 76,754,000 florins; sugar, 67,056,000 florins: eggs, 

 39,998,000 florins; barley, 30.204.000 florins: lig- 

 nite, 29,373,000 florins; malt, 24,288,000 florins; 



leather gloves and shoes, 24.178,000 florkis; cattle, 

 18,506,000 florins; horses, 17,467,000 florins; col- 

 ored glassware, 11,006,000 florins; bed feathers, 

 9,295,000 florins; woolens, 8,801,000 florins: cask 

 staves, 8,671,000 florins; hops, 7,870,000 florins; 

 beans, 7,301,000 florins; beer in casks, 6,997,000 

 florins; fowls, 6,990,000 florins; coal, 6,719,000 

 florins. 



The distribution of the special commerce in 1 898 

 is shown in the following table, giving the imports 

 from and the exports of domestic merchandise to 

 the principal countries, in Austrian florins: 



The imports of precious metals in 1898 were 

 23,469,000 florins; exports, 60,956,000 florins. 



In Austria about half the people are engaged in 

 agriculture. Rye, barley, oats, potatoes, beets, 

 pulse, maize, and buckwheat are the principal 

 crops. The vineyards produced 4,224,000 hectoli- 

 tres of wine in 1898. The production of coal in 1S9S 

 was 4 1,1 42,000 florins in value; of lignite, 43,493,000 

 florins; of pig iron, 34,303,000 florins; of lead, 

 1,790,000 florins; of quicksilver, 1,149,000 florins; 

 of zinc, 1,759,000 florins; of silver, 1,835,000 florins; 

 of copper, 628,000 florins. The total value of min- 

 erals raised was 94,870,874 florins; of metals ex- 

 tracted, 42,453,595 florins. There were 9.827.50S 

 hectares under forest, of which 6,828.415 hectares 

 are pine. The breweries produced 9,060,498 hecto- 

 litres of beer in 1897, the distilleries 1,373,831 

 hectolitres of alcohol. 



Of the Hungarian people, 62 per cent, are em- 

 ployed in the cultivation of the soil. Wheat, 

 maize, rye, barley, pulse, and potatoes are the 

 principal crops. The forest area is 7,515,490 hec- 

 tares, of which 3,714,590 hectares are beech woods, 

 2,082,834 hectares oak, and 1,718.066 hectares pine. 

 The value of the mineral products in 1898 was 

 26,027,981 florins, of which 14,022,406 florins repre- 

 sent lignite, 6,569,194 florins coal, and 4,527. 3S7 

 florins iron ore. The smelted metals were valued 

 at 26,027,981 florins, 18,676,019 florins representing 

 pig iron, 4,538,524 florins gold, which is found 

 associated with silver, lead, and copper, and 

 1,104,513 florins silver. The special commerce of 

 Hungary for 1898 amounted to 507, 109.000 florins 

 for imports and 551,895,000 florins for exports. 

 The chief imports are cottons, woolens, clothing, 

 silks, wine, sugar, and coffee. The grain exported 

 was valued at 97,470,000 florins; flour, 82,:>25.0(lO 

 florins; live animals, 69.965.000 florins; timber and 

 forest products, 39,057,777 florins; wine. 15,177.000 

 florins; eggs, 11,278.000 florins; wool. 7.750.000 

 florins: cask staves, 6,804,000 florins Of the total 

 imports, raw materials constituted 26 per cent., 

 and of the exports, 58 per cent. From Austria 

 came 75 per cent, of the imports, and 74 per cent. 

 of the exports were shipped to Austria. 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. The 

 state railroads of Austria had in 1898 a total 



